From The Buffer To Form An Alliance: The China Policy Of The Soviet Union Before And After The Founding Of New China

The Soviet Union's foreign policy toward China has been deeply transformed since 1949 to 1950. There were lots great incidents had been occurred between CCP and the Soviet Union, such as Mikoyan's secret trip to Xibaipo,Liu Shaoqi's interview to Moscow,Mao Zedong's trip to Moscow and the Korean war. The Soviet Union's foreign policy has transformed from supporting KMT to neutrality and mediation, then from supporting CCP to Sino-Soviet alliance, and finally transformed into wartime alliance. This dissertation aims to do researches on the processing of transformation of the Soviet Union's China policy, the dynamic reason of transformation, and the relations between transformation and Russian traditional foreign goals. The finding of this research is that according to Russian history, Russian foreign policies were always restricted in the goals of territory and harbor, vocation and exception. In different eras, these three goals would transform into different forms. The writer of this dissertation consider that the Russian national strategy could clear the relations between this three goals and arrange the priority of this three one, than orient the foreign policy of Russia. After the Second World War, these three goals have been transformed into "chasseing buffer zone" , "finding alliance " and "concerning about world war" . In 1947, because the national strategy had been changed from "constructing socialist society by one state" to "two camps" , the foreign goals of the Soviet Union foreign policy had transformed from chasseing buffer zone to finding alliance. According to history files my researching, the writer of this dissertation consider that the Soviet Union's China policy can not be exception of this condition. The reason that the Soviet Union could not apply this new strategy is just because that civil war between CCP and KMT had not been finished.Based on upper working, the findings of this research are presented as following:1. The main reason of transformation of the Soviet Union's China policy is the changing of the Soviet Union's national strategy. In the other words, Soviet Union's China policy can be fundamentally changed only by the Soviet Union's national strategy. Otherwise, any kind of adjust of foreign policy would be a kind of feedback of transformation of external environment or be a kind of changing means. The goals that policies pursuit would be not changed. 2. The author of this dissertation adjust the concept of "double buffer zone" to explain the Soviet Union' s China policy. He suggests that under the direction of "constructing socialism by one state" strategy, Soviet Union wanted construct double buffer zone in China. They wanted the whole China as the strategic buffer zone, and northeast part of china as tactic buffer zone. They officially supported Chinese Nationalist, and hoped they will be at least independent from the U.S. They also wanted to decline the power of Chinese Nationalist in the northeast part of china to make there will be under the status of autonomy, and to make there become the buffer zone between China and Soviet Union.3. The author of this dissertation borrow the concept "alliance ideology" which developed by George Silica to explain the alliance between China and Soviet Union. Soviet Union wanted by Sino-soviet alliance to prevent China from sliding with the United State and to maintain the balance between the two camps. On the other side, China wanted by alliance to get the recognition from socialist states. This will help china to consolidate its reins of power and its legitimization.