Civilians Free Personality

Standing at a comprehensive transformation of society in modern China, in the era of the salvation and independence of nation, on the basis of technical and institutional revolution, Liang Qi-chao with his vision of deep insight revealed the fundamental of social revolution and modernization——people's revolution and modernization. What's more, with his broad cultural vision and the open way of thinking, he maked Yan Fu's"3 people theory"( people's intellect; people's ethics; people's strength) develop into the modern"new-human"character of Chinese characteristics by incorporating the traditional culture of China and others. The"new-human"character whose basic content is independence, freedom, equality and responsibility elaborated systematically by Liang Qi-chao, on the terms of the underlying intrinsic, is the free personality as a member of ordinary people.Firstly, the"new-human"personality nature is subjectivity. On its basic sense, the subjectivity is the fundamental characteristics of people as a subject, which is person-to-person as the subject of self-consciousness. In the history of the development of people's ideology, due to the different space-time fields in Chinese and Western cultures, the connotation of subjectivity shows different aspects of performance characteristics. On the one hand, Liang Qi-chao imported the West basic subjectivity theory, the content of which is independent, individual uniqueness and personal free; on the other hand, he carried forward the initiative subjectivity idea"the nature and conscience theory which people should be complied with"in the Chinese traditional culture, and created the new subjectivity theory which meets the needs of the modern Chinese under the philosophy of Inborn Human Rights. Its specific meaning includes two levels: one is the individual subjectivity, the content of which is combined the"independence""freedom"of individuals existence with the special practice spirit of initiative preferences of force; because of the existence of group identity of human being, the other one is the group subjectivity which is titled by social morality and patriotism as its content, highlighting people's responsibility sense. In modern China, Liang Qi-chao's Subjective"new-human"character's personality demonstrated the people's independence, freedom, responsibility, reflected the demand of specific time of endowing the servility"subjects"a new baptism who had been devastated by the feudal system, and waking up the sense of subjectivity in the sleeping people as well as the sense of being masters.Secondly, the"new-human"personality is ordinary people–oriented, namely popularization. As a value orientation, the theory of ordinary people vaguely appeared in the idea of Chinese traditional culture since pre-Qin Mozis. In modern China history,the people as the main force of social revolution and national independence has been highlighted in the situation of the imperialist powers, and the imminent"national salvation"practice forced the majority of people to return to the dominant position of society. Correspondingly, personality construction shifted from the"elite"to"public", from the"saints"to"ordinary peoples". The personality as a member of ordinary people refers to the mass-oriented, it is not enjoyed by ordinary people directly, nor is unattainable, but ordinary people can achieve through the efforts. Ordinary people orientation of the new human personality manifests such specific three aspects: First of all, the ideal personality should change from the"saints"to"ordinary people", which is based on the realities of people's right relationship, emphasizing that everyone has the liberty right, benefits pursuit and the meets of legitimate interests. Secondly, the ideal personality should change from upholding"the virtue"to"free individuality"and affirm the public's will and emotion, propagate rational science, require the comprehensive development of personality, esp. promote individual self-consciousness and being-for-itself .Thirdly, the ideal personality should shape the"ordinary heroes"to suit for the contemporary, to promote the progress and upgrade of the ordinary people's subjective ability and position.Thirdly, the ways of nurturing new human personality should be routinely taken. Through the incorporating way which is called"training"and"take-up", Liang Qi-chao has fulfilled a three-dimensional theoretical system of nurturing new human personality from the individual self-education to the society general education. On the personal self-cultivation level, he upheld the Wang Yang-ming's"practicing conscience"theory and recreated it, put forward the self-cultivation method of"establishing right goals","determination","fulfilling conscious","nurture","checking and overcoming"and"application"those practical methods. At the personality education level, he advocated four kinds of education idea"moral, intellectual, power, group", and emphasized the individual emotional education and fun education which is corresponded with the role of driving force. About the society-generated personality level, he promoted for the ideal personality to create a free democratic environment for the new human personality by means of institutional change and modern public media transformation such as newspapers. In this system, the ways of nurturing new human personality highlight the influence of the imperceptible mechanisms"for-daily-use-but-don't-know"in public daily life.The free personality as a member of ordinary people, making the"new human"as its carrier, the content of which is subjectivity, ordinary people and accustoming, on the one hand, became the new starting point of ideal personality for the purpose of"standing human", because of which produced the new situation by reconciling Chinese and Western cultures; on the other hand, showed the time limitation of group purpose theory as a result of Liang Qi-chao's own double variation between"new human"and"new country". And at the social level, on account of the lack of a democratic system in modern China as well as the late of the concept of freedom and equality in commodity economy and other social factors, Liang Qi-chao's free personality as a member of ordinary people suffered the practice dilemma in modern history.Since the reform and opening up in China, the modernization of China develops in depth on both dimensions of society and individuals, the social dilemma which the free personality as a member of ordinary people has faced ever solves gradually now. Meeting the needs of building a socialist harmonious society, learning from Liang Qi-chao's free personality as a member of ordinary people theory and reshaping the modern one that is both the subjectivity harmony of individual, group and category and the harmony between virtue and rational,on the one hand it can not only meet the diversity needs of people, promote the liberation of the human personality and full freedom development, but also adapt many demands for a harmonious personality from status to contract, from dictatorship to democracy, from privileges to equality in contemporary society, which makes the current ecological personality show more and more new opportunities and vitality; on the other hand, it is beneficial to accommodate to the change of the contemporary everyday life and the"survival practice"of building a socialist harmonious society, to cultivate the modern ideal personality in the mass spiritual civilization building activities, then to provide the personality support and subject protection for the construction of socialist harmonious society.