Behavioral Logic Of Party's Penetrating Into The Rural Area

Modern party politics is a specific phenomenon originated from the West.The development of party politics is the dynamic response to the tensional relation caused by the inbalance of social resources allocation within the society and politics and between state and society.This relationship rooted from differentiation is showed as imbalance between social and political power.The western party has provided conditon for the balance of the western power structure,but the effective operation of party politics is the basis of the full development and the civil society of the public reason.Therefore,in the western society,party politics,civil society as well as public reason as three-in-one repeat the release of the energy accumulated by the inherent tension of power structure.Western party politics is relative to the occurrence of the commodity economy as well as associated with the impact to the power structure from the inherent market logic.Hence,the specfic context of the western politic has formed.Differently,party politics in China is fiirst relevant to revolutionary logic,and revolution is a concept pertinent to restructure which meaning is to introduce a democratic form to integrate the nation that is againt tradition.However,the process of Chinese revolution must actually be a process of power centralization during which economic centralization of anti-markent appeared.Hence,the context of Chinese parties development includes traditional factor,persuit of democracy and specific path formed by Chinese revelutionary.When today's China,like western society,does not compell market economic,market logic,similar with its domination function to the western society,require political power to response through the power structure while it shapes Chinese social power.In the meantime,the demand of balance of power structure alse dominate success or failure of Chine's patty politics.lt is from the perspective of power structure that this thesis,using D village and its geographic background as reviewing object,analyse the basic orbit along which China's parties penetrated into the rural society ever since modern society and acted in it,and dig out basic logic that they have followed.The logic contains a synchronic stamp stemmed from the Western as well as diachronic property derived from tradition.In the sceond chapter,this article indicate that what the China's parties respectively sank into both sides of society and state has the similar charcteristic with traditional scholar colony which was divided into both scholar-bureaucrats and gentries.Gentries,as the factor of the integrating state,ensured the balance of power structuer to some degree by preventing the power of state system from excessively sinking into the bottom of the rural society.However,gentries were not the carriers of the pure social power as a result that in the course of its elite-ization,the legacy of power did not mainly come from society,but from state system,nor was the power of scholar-bueaucrats from the gentries.Accordingly,the gentry's elite-izated social power could not be restricted by atomizated social power with rural mass as carriers,nor did the elite-formed social power restrict the political power with scholar-bureacrats as carrier.Because of the property of power dilatation,once the political power with scholar-bureacrats as a main body were consolidated,it would penetrate into the bottom society to grip endless benefit satisfaction.Moreover,under the erosion and pressure of power of the bureacratic elite,the legal origin of gentry's power and its relative economic structure determined the metamorphosis of its essence of power.,because this power's backbone was no longer the country's custom and identification but the state machine and the official idology.With the gentry's social power being faked,the elite-izated process of social power stopped,and the atomizated mass were directly faced with the plunder of the state power or the state-ization power,in the other word,the gentry,as a part of the scholar group,failed to keep the balance of power structure long so as not to ensure the circle of the order-disorder.In the third chapter,the author,through the field research and literature review of the Tongshen county as D village's exterior geographic background discusses the causal link of Kuomintang(KMT)'s penetration to the rural society after it grasped the political power.KMT tried to realize the unity between party and government in the central level and the seperation in the local in order that KMT's organization became the carrier of social power in the local society through non-state-ization.However,the mode of local seperation between party and government made KMT too hard to penetrate into rural society,because the seperation of party and government made the KMT'S root organization trapped into a disadvantageous position and the common party member was difficult to benefit through organization.Faced with such circumstances,KMT have to absorb member without screening,collecting bad gentries.These bad gentries attached to KMT was not based on the belief in the KMT's doctrine but hoped to legalize the illegal action.In this respeet,KMT's organization's sinking did not yet realize the elite-ization of the social power,and KMT's collection of bad gentries conversely stopp the process of elite-ization of the social power so that the carries of the atomized social power could not maitain their interests.The fourth chapter mainly through historical materials analyses the Communist Pary of China(CPC)'s deeds,confrontation and the problems during the period from the new democratic revolution to the rural land contract,and include that the CPC,as the disadvantageous anti-state power was confronted with the presure from the state,which,in turn,became the inherent momentum with which the CPC sank into the rural society.The CPC could grasp huge social power to rivalrize state power only when it gained the support of the peasants and agglomerated the peasants.However,after the CPC grasped the reign,it eliminated the external presure,and the rural regime implemented power-centralized government of party-government unity,and with the founding of the commune system of the unity of economy and community.Hence,political power penetrated into the bottom of the rural society and compressed the social power into the individual's mind,which caused the rapid unbalance of the power structur.it indicates that highly centralized power made it difficult to discipline the power elite.In this situation,political leader initiated the struggle movement to the carriers of the political power,which is to using the leader's authority to collect the social power to impact the power structure and deter the carriers of the politica power so as to form a balance to power structure.But this repeated mode of movement from siqin to cultural revolution.damaged the political structure and caused the social burbulance.The fifth chapter tries to comprehend the acts of the CPC's villgae-level organization and its relation with the village autonomic organ after the rural land contract by field rearch and interview as well as collecting materials.The village-autonomy made the village form dual power structure of the party's branch secretary and the village director,which did not benefited the village much.with the D village's economical development and the benefits of differentiation,the dual power structure was replaced by the Yijiantiao mode(unite the post of branch secretary and village director into one individual) which gradually formed an elite alliance based on benefits,which present on two directions,which are respectively between the village and township on the vertically and between the governance-elites and non-governanc-elites on the horizon.Alliance makes the two-vote system in vain under the background of the village's non-civil society.In this allianc,party organization acts as a media,and the mode of the member-absorbing of the party organization strenthens the alliance and makes the social elite disappear from the outside of the village governance organ,which makes it impssible of the elite-ization of social power.Short of the expressing channel of elite-ization,the common villager's right and interests can not be protected.And these ideas can be used to explain the generalization of the rural protest.The party's village-level organization acts as a media in the course of alliance.This thesis puts forword three key concepts respectively of bureaucratization,atomization and elit-ization of social power by the explaination and comparison of the basic behavior and function of gentry class as well as the rural organization of both the KMT and CPC,and becomes awere that bureacratization of social power would stop the process of elite-ization of social power and in turn cause the atomization of social power and the unbalance of the power structure.The unbalance is embodied as the imbalance between the organization state systematic power and rural social power.The absolute imbalance makes the loose rural individual present itself in front of the state systemic power and makes it difficult express and pretect its own benefit.In D village,elite alliance is the recent embodiment of the bureacratization of social power.Thereby,this article makes a conclusion that the key of the parties's penetration and action in the rural area is to ensure the balanc of the power structure,and for it,the parties are supposed to weakened their benefit value and state-ization degree,intensify social function,upgrade the public reason of the villagers and cause the conversion of member identification from villager to citizenhood.Only to do so,can elite-ization of social power be realized,and can atomization of social power be stopped,and,in turn,can the balance of power structure be kept.It is from the respect to say that parties'sinking is not only an issue of its branch penetration but a problem of how the parties'members change their value in essence by how to perfect and innovate systems.