Studies On China's Normal Public Crisis Management

In the 21st century, with the expanding of globalization, non-traditional security issues have made a lot of disasters all over the world. The world risk society described by sociologists has become reality. All kinds of natural and artificial factors result in frequent public crises, which seriously threat people's safety of lives and property.China's social development has entered the most crucial phase. During the period of social transformation, traditions are deeply shocked by economic reform and social structural adjustment. In market economy, society is facing a decentralized, pluralistic situation. On one hand lots of public crises appeared inside of china, on the other hand globalization has brought many crises from the outside. In a word, public crises have been normal issues. Theory and reality co-sponsored the requirement of normal public crisis management.China has made a lot of efforts to improve the job of crisis management; however, the actual results prove that there are still many deficiencies. China's current public crisis management relies on the unilateral efforts of the Government, although constructed from the management model of classification and grading, and strives to build the emergency management system, but a lot of work just stay on the surface, and the strength of crisis management is weak. Since SARS in 2003, China began to build the public crisis management system. to the End of the year in 2008, after a series of major crises, there were still a lot of questions, and the government made great effort to improve them every time. China is in the initial stage in the normal public crisis management.To build the capacity of normal crisis management, we must recognize and seize the most important questions, including the Government, society, law as well as the international system and so on. Form the point of the Government, the key problem is that the Government took all the work of crisis management, excluding social costs, is not efficiency, and lack of suitable performance appraisal system. Analysis from the social perspective, influenced by traditions, Chinese non-government organizations are weak, and can not play its due role in crisis management. Members of society do not have a strong sense of crisis, and their ability to resist risks is effected by family structure , social structure and other factors. They are lack of self-protection and the ability to resist risks. Imperfect legal system, domestic law and international legal system does not converge. These factors affect the capability of Chinese public crisis management.The effectiveness of public crisis management has become an important source of legitimacy for the Government. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, China has basically realize a well-off society, the traditional factors, gaining legitimacy from economic development, still exist, but as people begin to pursuit safe living and working environment, its importance is reduced, and people pay more attention to crisis management. Thus, the effectiveness of public crisis management has become an important source of legitimacy for the Government.Public crisis management has to face social risks, as well as international risks. Social risks come from the differentiation of social forces. With the impaction of individual trends, new forces are gradually taking shape. Especially when the individual awareness is enhanced, people begin to ask for higher management capacity of the Government, which may become a threat to society. There are two aspects to international risks. On the one hand, international crisis will affect China, on the other hand, fighting for the ideology and interests will bring more uncertain crises to China.Public crisis management is one of the most important parts for the development of harmonious society. In order to integrate it with harmonious society well, we could try the "Governance-Management" model, which should be a good choice. First of all, during the design process, the model has fully considered China's national conditions and the history. Also, model is very similar to the Western concept of civil society, so it is easier to align with the international community. The model also responses the problems and risks mentioned above. On the issue of how to build the model, this paper adheres to government-led, all-round development. During the course of developing the capability of normal public crisis management, we should steadily push forward the construction of a harmonious society.Study of normal Chinese public crisis management has a very important theoretical and practical significance. On the one hand, it can enrich and deepen the theory of a harmonious society, explore the problems of construction of a harmonious society. On the other hand, countries in the world, including China, all face the fact of normal public crises, and all of them need to find ways to improve their capabilities of normal public crisis management. According to this paper, we can find some preliminary model and practicable path.