Marx's Concept Of Freedom

This articile is committed to grasp completly Marx's concept of freedom. Base on the fundamental principle of human all-round free development, Marx's concept of freedom can be summed up as: people, and the self-realization of subject. Therefore, this paper focuses on the formation, the logical structure, and the redevelopment of Marx's concept of freedom.The most important study approach of this paper is to systematically understand the throughts of freedom through reading Marx's original text. During this process, the paper has paid much attention to Marx's criticism, self-criticism, and historical dialectics, as a scientific method when reaserching the Marx's freedom theory.The paper mainly includes following contents:First, it investigates the formation of Marx's concept of freedom. The formation of Marx's concept of freedom has its own historical conditions, i.e., Marx has critically succeeded good traditions of western freedom theory. German classic phyolosiphy plays an important role in the west concept of the history of freedom, among which the idea of "freedom is the self-realization of subject" is the preclude of birth of Marx's concept of freedom.Second, this article studies the inter-relation between Marx's concept of freedom and the spirit of the times. Marx's concept of freedom can be divided into four stages, i.e., freedom as moral principle, freedom as the nature of reason, freedom of the nature of human beings, and freedom as the inevitability of history. The concept of practice plays the role of revolution in the formation of Marx's concept of freedom. There is a very close relation between the concept of practice and Marx's concept of freedom: the concept of practice is the foundation of Marx's concept of freedom, and this two concepts came into being simultaneously.Third, the paper explains the logical structure of Marx's concept of freedom. Freedom, as self-realization of subject, whose basis is the dialectical unity of the subject and object. Starts with the concept of practice, Marx has posted the dialectical relationship between the subject and object, and has explored the historical process of the formation of free subject.Fourth, the thesis reviews the theoretical foundation and technical methods with which Marx has identified the free subject. In the work of The German Ideology, Marx has established a very important proposition in historical materialism "the development of material productive forces and the people's own development is a same historical process." This proposition has later become a theoretical footstone of the historical formation of the free subject. However, in the argumention of this proposition, Marx has faces a theoretical difficulty, that is the non-consistent connotation of value judgments and fact judgments. Thereafter, Marx has constantly enriched and developed this proposition. In another work of the 1857-1858 Manuscript of Economics, Marx has settled the groundwork to disclose the historical formation of a free subject, that is, the scientific methodology to research into the dialectical unity between the subject of object in historical movements, historical dialectics.Fifth, the article expounds the three theoretical steps how Marx has identified a free subject: to use the birth of the concept of practice as a mark, Marx has found a possible and potential free subject; to use the inner motive of historical movements, i.e. conflicts between productive forces and production relations, as a mark, Mark has found a practical free subject; and to use contradictions between the subject and object in historical movements, Mars has found a inevitable free subject.Sixth, this paper makes a new explanation of Marx's "realm of freedom". "Realm of freedom" is a theoretical result of historical dialectics. On the one hand, Marx points out the development trends of "freedom": when the development of material productive forces goes beyond the stage of capitalism, the situation in which subject and object are opposing and alienating to each other has between changed gradually, and the subject gains an all-round free development. In this process, Marx prospects the new relation between economic base and superstructure in the future society. On the other hand, "realm of freedom" is a epitome of the incessantly development of human capacity. In general, the conclusion of this paper is that only in the view of historical dialectics, can one discover the process of self-realization of human beings. Marx'sconcept of freedom still has realistic significance. It still applies to the theme of our times. Marx's "realm of freedom"' is the start for us to succeed and develop Marx's theory of freedom.