Understand The "laws Of History"

By using the change and alternative history of teleology and the natural causulity as the core clue, this paper retrospects the concept of historical law's understanding course on the history of thought. This text thinks that, teleology is the dominant mode of thinking of the western philosophies before modern times. However, because of the normative and tendency trait of the destination , the order generating from the destination is not the causal relationship between which there is the dynamic correlation. So, a real sense law did not appear before modern times. The absence of law has decided the relationship between the human's initiative and the law not to be a definite problem. In modern times, with the rising of modern science, scientists driven the teleology into limbo and punctiliously used the mechanical causality to conquer natural field. Subsequently, this kind of causality was extended into history field by philosophies. It is the outstanding characteristic that philosophies conquered the history field according to the spirit of the natural science. This way of understanding causes the law which has inner certainty and makes the relationship between the human's liberty and the law becoming a conspicuous problem. However, in order to make the spirit of natural science achieve more progress, philosophies usually deny the human's initiative nature with a vengeance. During the period of German classical philosophy, the interpretation ways of teleology revived again. Through giving up mechanical causal, German classical philosophies once again stepped onto the explanation path by the teleology finally. Not only that, the stationary with the objective concept before modern times was eliminated in the period of German classical philosophy. It possessed the autonomous initiative of self-externalization and self-regression. By this, the times form the dynamic law. Therefore, although different on the understanding way, the result which is caused by the teleology has no difference from it be caused by the view of mechanical causality. The manifest is that they all can't leave the spatial for human's freedom. This article believed that Marx's conception of history has inherited these two understanding ways in the philosophy history and has actually made the revolutionary transformation. Marxist Philosophy holds that historical law is abstracted from the history reality. It should belonging to the theoretical world and possessing the Characteristic of causal necessity or determinism on account of abstract. But just because of the deterministic property, we We are then unable to discuss human's freedom by the direct connection to the historical laws. Through introducing the concept of objective, Marx has solved this difficult problem. But the concept of objective has been made the scientific transformation, namely eliminating the mystical color which was attached to it by traditional philosophy and making it return to the world from the space. This step was achieved by enabling the objective to realistic individual in the history. On the opinion of Marx, the human is precisely through formulating the goal, realizing the goal to manifest their initiative by which they can create the history. Then, Marx's conception of history had two visual angles to show the history. But through introducing the concept of "the tendency", Marx also provided the possibility to discuss "the relations" between them in his integral practical philosophy. However, the relations be said here were no longer the unitarity relationship which exists in the scientific theory, but only the compound relationship between the theoretical world and the practical world, and the spol was the concrete "tendency".