The Metaphysics For Political Philosophy: A Study On The Transcendentual Public Reason And Its Transformation In The Western Tradition

This Dissertation aims to explain newly Western history of political thought & history of political philosophy,by "broad sense metaphysics" as basic angle of view,by "transcendental public reason" as core concept,by deeply understanding "Holy Bible Christianity"(namely Christianity《Holy Bible》,not "Church Christianity") to "a kind of special metaphysics" as foundation or premise.It puts forward a new model of explanation——"The broad sense metaphysics shining VS secularized reflecting",(brief name" shining VS reflecting")——to explain newly Western history of political thought & history of political philosophy,the model riches a utter actual broad capability of explanation & civilization comparison ; And by the model to survey & reveal "tradition of transcendental public reason" consistently & its'transformation in Western history of political thought(history of political philosophy,history of political theories).To furthermore make the characteristic clear,the dissertation compares the tradition of public reason of Western classic civilization and Chinese's , and generalizes respectively as the public reason tradition of "dragon in cluster" type & "god above the world" type .These two kinds of political thinking modes or traditional civilization type deeply influenced the progress or step of China and the West head for modern civilization.But in the transformation history of public reason tradition of "god above the world" type(namely transcendental public reason tradition or metaphysics tradition) in Western history of political thought(history of political philosophy,history of political theories),the science reason ("God" of the philosophy meaning) from the metaphysics in the ancient Greece & the worth reason ("God" of the religious theology meaning) from the divinity metaphysics of the Christianity Holy Bible have a basic original foundmental sourceful position .These two kinds of reason or "God" were wholly considered relatively or absolutely & flexibly applied by thingkers of the political philosophy in The Middle Ages as well as all non-Marxist political philosophy systems from The Modern Ages to The Contemporary Ages carrying on different weight(also considered other variable factors of histiory or the individual of thinkers).Therefore,the latter had not foundmental the academic theories position. As for the modern Religion Reformation by Luther & Carvin in Modern Ages which are considered "renewed belief "&"remoulded the world" also only returned to the logic of《Holy Bible》and were as far as possible suitable for the request by ages development.Although many scholars think the modern political philosophy as to the revolution of classic political philosophy,and Marxist classic writers also ever admired the thinker in the Enlightenment as greatness,but according to this Dissertation,this kind of revolution or greatness probably aren't very large,but only tiny adjustment inside the same civilization.The modern political philosophy of the thinkers in the Enlightenment conversed to human being(human nature,human rights,humanlity) from God(divine nature,rule by divine right,absolute being way),and designed the modern political system mode,both actually insideed ever the Christianity《Holy Bible》. Augustine & Aquinas in The Middle Ages has already done to reserve the model of position for the reason for them.The Protestantism by "return to Holy Bible" had opened up road for them.The thinkers in the Enlightenment went forward again one step all right. So,Harold J. Berman even thought that the modern doctrine,the modern spirit are the secular religion which come from Christianity.But actually carried out a great revolution to the classic political philosophies was belonged to however Marxist political philosophy. Marxist carried out the dual revolution of the negation of negation to the metaphysics(both the metaphysics of the thinking mode meaning and the metaphysics of theories meaning or philosophy academics meaning). But both political philosophy of thinkers in the Enlightenment and Marxist political philosophy were on value reason all actually and insidely inheritted political value principle origined from Christianity《Holy Bible》.Just the people of the world hadn't enough payed value vast explanation space and its metaphor content provided by the Holy Bible apocalypse,usually dogmatically and unilaterally comprehended literal meaning,and excessively outstanding their own innovation position. The real and original innovation were that the original civilization type done by civilization respected master in "Axial Ages" . So,this Dissertation absolutely doesn't agree with explanation mode or system about history of political philosophy by Leo Strauss who was political theories history special "prejudice" Christianity but over-emphasize political philosophy in ancient Greece philosophy .But relatively agree with the explication mode by historian Carl Becker who "lower key" view of reason by the philosopher in the Enlightenment (So-called "Reason Ages" far non- reason,the philosopher in the Enlightenment just rebuilt by new materials another "heavenly city" just as The Middle Ages St Augustine type).In this Dissertation 's eyes,metaphysics and Christianity logic are super version(transcendental version) politics thinking,political philosophy thinking; "the king above ten thousand kings","political philosophy of God Heavenly country mode " idea or apocalypse or morals reasonableness or value principle,which provided by the "Holy Bible Christianity("not "Church Christianity") that made well use of ancient reason metaphysics resources in the Greece ,in fact from deep-level guide or inspire afterwards the thinkers in the history of political philosophy to establish a different edition "metaphysics'politics","the secular type political philosophy","heaven on earth mode","secular version Holy Bible" or "secular version evangel".This Dissertation puts forward a new government classification mode.In a word,the metaphysics for political philosophy established "golden rule and precious precept" for public life and politics by the dual meaning of both thinking logic and worth principle.