Democratic Transition And Democratic Sustainability

The worldwide democracy tide, which was called "the third wave", has been in vogue since 1970s. At the same time, the theory about political development originated in American in 1950s was constantly bestowed with new contents. Accompanied by the economic globalization, the value of democracy itself has been recognized by people all over the world, and many countries have substituted the old authoritative regime with new established democracy. But these emerging democracies face many difficulties while the nascent democracy has been challenged. Therefore, many scholars begin to pay close attention to how an autocratic system transfored to democracy, and how an established democracy gets sustained development and consolidation.Adam Przeworski, a famous American politician in modern society, has focused his research about political development on democracy and the sustainability of democratic regime, while he paid much attention on the interaction of politics and economy in the process of democratic transition and re-analyzed the relationship of democracy and economy. So, he has become an important scholar with regard to the democratic transition problem especially for his distinctive study on the newly established democratic regime such as those in eastern Europe. Being proficient at political economics and statistics, Przeworski is good at using mathematics model and statistical charts in his political theory research, and making comparative study through several countries or different regimes in different periods. In his opinion, the development of democratic transition is not certain which means that the democracty is stable and sustainable only when, firstly, all the political forces are willing to express their preference in the new democratic framework, and accept present failure with an expectation of future success; secondly, the new democratic regime must be capable of deal with these problems such as reduce of public support and difficulties in market economy reform. Therefore, only when democracy is fair and effective, democracy is sustainable. At the same time, Przeworski through comparative study proved that economic development is not certainly bring about democracy, democracy and economic development is not positive correlation, but once democratic system established, it is more easily successed in developed economies. This is an important transcend to the study of Lipset on democracy and economic relations. With regard to the transition to democracy and the democratic sustainability, Przeworski has brought much important references for the countries which are in transition period and much confidence to those countries which have not realized democracy with their poor economy developement.In the third wave of worldwide democratization, Adam Przeworski keenly perceive the trek for the different level of the countries in economic development and strengthen democracy. Based on this, he summed up the various political, economic and cultural conditions needed for emerging democracies to make the nascent democracy work well in the transition. This is a new approach for the research of the sustainability and consolidation of democracy compared with other existed studies. Przeworski, from different conditions, makes the detailed list of the influences of democracy in emerging countries continued, almost covering all aspects of detail was mentioned. And, in discussing democratic transition and continuing problems, while the economic problems are often combination of new democracies in economic reform of democratic lasting effect is demonstrated, he puts forward the methods to solve the problem. Although still in theory proposed scheme, the methods are the answer of problems many democratic countries encountered, therefore, are not completely satisfied even conditions of different countries, it also has important reference for those emerging democracies.Also, China is now in the tide of global political development just as China's market economy reform has been advancing. what Adam Przeworski studied has brought much enlightenment for China's market economy reform and policitical development. In which, He emphasized that economic reform process, the importance of the establishment of social welfare and public support on unemployment caused by reducing the impact, he thinks that the most rational humane economy should depend on the market allocation of resources, and the market is nationally restrained to ensure everyone the minimum economic benefits. All of those issues are important in our national economic reform. Of course, many western scholars, including Przeworski, must not completely understand the actual situations in China and other developing countries, and the roads to democracy are largely different, so the path they put forward maybe would not necessarily bring developing democracy and prosperity. But for developing countries, these researches have certain reference function for their detailed analysis and comparison on the different historical period of various political forms.