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Sports Leisure Of Middle Stratum In City Of China

Posted on:2011-07-10Degree:DoctorType:Dissertation
Country:ChinaCandidate:X M ShaoFull Text:PDF
GTID:1117330338951308Subject:Humanities and sociology
Abstract/Summary:PDF Full Text Request
Since the reform and opening in 1978, following with the tremendous changes in the social hierarchy, the social structure which the original division in accordance with the political scale of the "two classes and a stratum (the working class, the peasantry class and intelligentsia stratum)" has undergone significant differentiation, some new social strata formed gradually. One important manifestation of change in urban social structure is a middle class similar to Western in modern society has been the early embryo, and is gradually expanding. Although the border is not yet clear, many experts and scholars in sociology study also obtained the same conclusion. And on the life of sports and leisure sectors, on the one hand were covered in the study of the leisure, or a greater range-life style study, on the other hand, no one to study the sports and leisure life of China's urban middle class as a whole. While the life style of middle class has strong demonstration effect for the following classes, and the establishment of the general health of residents, scientific and civilized way of life is important. Therefore, I chose the research topic.This study began with the basic theoretical analysis, the core concepts of the "middle class" and "sport leisure" have been defined based on the results of previous studies, and their own independent views were put forward, and the relations with other related concepts were analyzed, a detailed composition of "middle class" was proposed, and the sports and leisure activities were classified. According to the theoretical model of behavior production, the theoretical model of China's urban middle class sports and leisure behavior was put forward, and the main affecting factors, such as gender, life stage, education level, occupation status, income, leisure time, social environment, were specifically analyzed.In the same time of theoretical analysis and assumptions, social investigation was used to confirm the theoretical analysis and hypotheses. The questionnaire method was used and the survey subjects were 6000 selected from 11 cities, including Tianjin, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Chongqing, Chengdu, Xi'an, Harbin, Wuhan, Shenzhen, Zhejiang Jinhua. These cities were selected considering the imbalance of economic development in the eastern, central, west, north and south of China, as well as the difference among large, medium and small cities. The subjects were selected for this study based mainly composed of middle class defined. 6000 questionnaires were distributed, 5268 questionnaires were returned, 590 invalid questionnaires were deleted, the valid questionnaires were 4674, and the effective rate was 77.9%. Through the survey, we found that the leisure awareness and the awareness of sports and leisure of urban middle class in China were relatively high, sports and leisure in the lives of middle class plays a more important role, more than 60% (63.4%) of people like sports, with nearly 40% (37.2%) of people are engaged in viewing sports and leisure activities. The main factors of obstruction of the middle class for sports recreation is a structural factor, which "no time" is the most important factor, followed by interpersonal relationships, and some people are due to intrinsic nature of the obstacles. 48.8% of middle class people participate directly in sports and leisure activities, 61% of direct engagement in sports and leisure activities were more than one time per week (including one time per week), more than half (55.8%) of those who participated in sports and leisure have been maintained for 3 years and over. The sport item participating in sports and leisure projects has the nature both the general public and hierarchical, showing three models, rigid model, core model, equilibrium model. In the choice of sports and leisure partners, the "significant others around" was the mainly influence factor but with the characteristics of work place segment. More than 40% (40.4%) of the people involved in the sports and leisure activities in paid of the sports venues, participation motivation of leisure activities was diversification, but essentially positive motivation. More than half of the people often participated in sports and leisure activities when they were in holiday. More than 10% of people conducted sports tourism. Different people have different leisure awareness, sports and leisure awareness, sports and leisure behavior, sports and leisure consumption, and sports and leisure satisfaction, in which various aspects of gender differences were larger, but different life stages, different occupational groups, and different level of education in all aspects of the middle class were relatively small.The study also discussed the three levels from the government, social sports organization, the family in supporting for China's urban middle class sports and leisure development system, three systems carry out their duties, while intertwined, affecting each other. Government, social organizations and the family, as promoter, providers, supporter in sports and leisure services for middle class, were irreplaceable, indispensable. Government, as the public sector, have different, special, very unique ability compared with other organizations, the government can take measures to limit the development of sports and leisure clubs and organizations, for example, the method through taxation and legislation restrict the development of other sectors. And similarly, the government can enhance the development of sports and leisure clubs and organizations, but the offers by government cannot be replaced by sports and leisure clubs and organizations, and more importantly, the government can do other sports and leisure activities which can not be done by other providers of sport and leisure activity, such as the construction of large sports facilities and public sports facilities, planning for sports and leisure development of the whole community and take steps to implement planning and so on. Also the government can not provide the public the a variety of direct, personalized sports and leisure products and services by various types of social organizations. Family, as the smallest social cells, play a decisive role in determination whether involvement, what activity, and how to participate in sports and leisure activities.Finally, the study also directed the future developmental trend of China's urban middle class, and the development of sports and leisure sectors of the future trends are expected. The people regular participation in sports and leisure will gradually increase, the number of people in watching the sports and leisure activities will further increase, the new sports and leisure projects will continue to be produced, some projects will take less time will increase, the number of outdoor sports will increase, holiday sports and sports tourism will further develop, sports and leisure consumption will be increased, satisfaction with sports and leisure will be further enhanced, in the future, the opportunities for women of middle class to participate in sports and leisure will further increase. The development tasks of sports and leisure for China's urban middle class were proposed, based on the premise of sustainable development to establish the concept of leisure labor corresponding to labor, moderated consumption in sports and leisure will be advocated.
Keywords/Search Tags:social stratification, middle stratum, the middle class, sports and leisure, leisure sports, satisfaction
PDF Full Text Request
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