Creating Research On The Institution Of Property Right Of Sports Human Capital In Economic Transition

During the 20 yeas of the process of"Reform and Opening up", sports reform has treaded a steady course as well as the great-leap-forward development on the achievement of competitive sports in China, however, the healthy growth of Chinese competitive sports has been always obsessed with the irrational problem between property right and resource allocation, which is the profound problem affecting the reform and growth of Chinese sports.It is well known that,"national system"has all along been adopted in the development of Sports industry since the foundation of our country, which refers to a very important training and management system, by which the less development countries collect the limited people, capital, material to the handful Olympic sports and the small minority of outstanding athletes, aiming at the realization of"winning honor in Olympic Games". Practice shows that this"national system"does ensure our competitive sports jump into the group of that of the world powers, ie, we should owe the most of achievement on Chinese competitive sports to the operation of"national system".Whereas, with the foundation and development of socialistic market economy, it would undoubtedly appear conflicts and clashes between the market-oriented economy system and"national system"growing from the original planning system, which gave rise to a lot of doubts and challenges on the fact of government undertaking the sports affairs. The malpractice of"National system"has been revealed little by little under the marketing economy condition that indistinction of athlete property, lack of effective capacity of market management and operation, especially the lack of human capital property right subjective status in the premium allocation and profit sharing caused continual contradiction and dispute between the athletes and the nation, which influenced the athletes'regular training and competition and damaged the development of national sports industry as a double-edged sward as well. The research in Modern system economics indicates that,"system transformation"refers to the process of substitution, transform and conversion of different systems, the motive of which is to seek for high efficiency. North suggests that, system transformation is the process that more efficient system substitute and switch the less efficient one completed by the relative system subjective by overcoming various impediments, transforming old systems, creating the new ones with the use of gradual and radical means in order to get hold of potential profits. Undoubtedly, our competitive sports system,"national system", is also confronted with the crucial stage in the period of transformation of system, ie, it is converting from a less efficient, freezing planned system to a highly efficient investment subjective diversified system of management and training with self perfection and innovation under the sports socialization and marketization. Among the above mentioned transforming systems, sports property right system is the core one, then the establishment of athlete human capital property right status and the guarantee system of reciprocal interests of property rights will reflect the efficiency and utility of future sports system transformation in China.According to the above theory analysis and on-the-spot investigation, this paper, based on the theory analysis of system economics, human capital theory, property right economics, management and jurisprudence, delves into he study of newest theory and developing trend of domestic and overseas capital property right theories, analyses the trend, role and function of government, and the behavior gaming and balanced system between interests bloc and person in the period of transformation from the macroscopic view. Simultaneously, it examines the property right characteristics and practice features of athletes human capital shown in different periods, logically starting from which analyses some practical problems of sports with empirical study, such as the affiliation relationship between athletes and sports achievements, problems of athletes switch membership, contradictions and arguments appearing in the commercial development of Olympic Champion, etc., and discovers that the depletion of our sports human capital property right subjective status and the vagueness of property rights are the source of the problem of athletes and nation. And then, it proposes the realizing pathway and countermeasures to settle the problems, ie, constructing the transitional athlete human capital"bi-property right"model, defining the conception of property rights, and arranging the transaction and protection system. The main content is as follows:To begin with, from the macroscopic view, this paper analyses the transformation system of athlete human capital in our country (the historical source, historical achievement, and the confronted reform pressures and objective requirements under the socialistic marketization), and proves the future reform motion, aim and destination of our competitive sports system with the use of system economics, transforming economics and the national theories. This paper systematically analyses the necessary macro system environment and application conditions, which are used as the endogen variate in the whole paper through building the macro theory analysis frame,In the second place, in the micro analysis frame, this paper analyses the theoretical connotation on the conception, characteristic, function, transaction, and protection of human capital property right , followed by the explanation on the basic issues, such as the relationship between the definition of property right and the transaction of property, characteristics of transaction, and transaction cost, etc.. At last, it manages to analyze the realization system of human capital property right protection, including the measurement and evaluation of human capital, contracting relationship among different subjectives, and the function and realization conditions of agencies, implying the importance, logicality, and complexity of constructing human property right system, and forming the theoretical basis for further practice analysis.In the third place, starting from the existing practice of athlete human capital property right system, this paper analyses the confusion and embarrassment confronted by the athletes in different aspects of sport industry, such as the definition of athlete achievement property right and its concerning affiliation relationship, definition of athletes'"switch-membership"and price computation, contradictions and clashes with nation (coach, project management center) which athletes(Olympic Champion) ran into in the protection of property right, and then puts forward the necessity and urgency to build a new-style athlete property right system available for the development of sports industry.Fourthly, from the macro and micro scopic view, this paper proposes that innovation occur in the athlete human property right system according to the national economic developing system, sports developing strategy, developing rules and trend of modern human capital property right system. It emphasizes on the analysis of the role played by government objective function on the athlete property right system reform and its value orientation. Simultaneously, it analyses the future reform characteristic and developing trend of sports system of our country on the basis of the analysis model that property right system transforms on the"path dependence and system construction", and then brings forward the innovative aim of sports human capital property right in new period, ie., transformation pathway(innovation) of athlete human capital should convert from the single national-owned property right to the transformative bi-property(multi-property) right gradually. After the period of development of market economy, the athlete human capital property right should be finally aimed at the development of single natural person property right with defining definition and highest effectiveness, together with the coexistence and sharing of various property right forms.Finally, combining the domestic and overseas practice, this paper suggests to construct new-type sports human capital property right protection and realization system. First, this paper analyses influence of human capital property rights on athletes'income and allocation system. And then, it proposes to increase the efficiency and management impact of new-type property right system. Thirdly, starting from constructing"athlete associate"in order to protect the effective exertion of their own property right interest, it states that the tri-balanced system of nation, athlete association, and agency, is to guarantee the realization of new-type bi-property right system, and to play a truly important role to encourage and restrict athletes.To sum up, this paper draws a basic conclusion that, in the period of transition, the innovation on sports human capital system of our country should be on the basis of the general economic system developing background, seriously analyze and examine the economical changing characteristics and trend, and draw lessons from enhancing reform developing model and experience to realize the transformative property development from single national-owned athlete human capital property right to bi-property right (multi-property), rather than be only measured by the competitive sports system itself. And then, according to the reform speed and effectiveness of national economy and politics, combining sports economy, sports industry developing model, developing speed and marketization, gradual transimation should be realized with purpose and plan. Also, under the given conditions, we should create opportunities, involving the whole society into investment and cultivation of athlete human capital, to form multi-property, ie, the coexistence of national-owned property, multi-property and private-owned property. On the basis of ensuring the smooth realization of"winning honor"in Olympic games, human capital system should be reformed with proper strength, and construct the tri-balanced system (nation, athlete association, agency) to ensure the interest and passion of investors and the further healthy development of competitive sports of our country under the new-type property system.