The Study Of Operating Mechanisms Of Ngo From The Perspective Of Neo-institutionalism

From Reform and opening up to the current, the important change in the social sphere is from unitary society to a pluralistic society, from the "total society" to "the post-totalism society". "Society" is no longer simply national unity under the complete control and subsidiary, and become the emerging force to seek and highlight the most important autonomous areas. In this process, the majority of people and organized civil force make the most of individual freedom and of available resources from the process of reform and opening up, and open up new areas and new group in the social space. Meanwhile, the relationship between state and society are undergoing changes:from the society absorbed by the state to the development of society fostered by the state, in the process, civil society organizations are getting more and more survival and development space. The autonomy of society itself gradually prominent, the survival and development space of non-governmental organizations are increasing. So in a changing social environment, how the development of civil society organization uses the space for survival and development has become a central concern of this study.In the study, the author uses participant observation, depth interviews and literature research methods, and adopts the new system perspective of the theory as a guide, then selects the organizations without any official background of civil society organizations as the subject of study. This study examine how does civil society organizations skillfully use the power of the external environment to maintain their survival and development, by means of analyzing the environment survival and development the organizations are facing? In the dynamic process of continuous development, how are they fighting for their own development resources? In which what tactics are used? From the perspective of neo-institutionalism, Non-government organization is an open system, and it is facing two different environments:the institutional environment and technological environment, it is not only the product which adapts to the institutional environment but also the product of the pursuit of technical objectives. Facing the external environment, non-government organization as a dynamic actor, will perceive the external environment, and proactively take tactics to maintain their survival and development.The research finds that:First, institutional environment and technological environment, which are faced by the non-government organization, show complexity. It faces major institutional environment which consists of two levels:first, the macro-institutional environment. Second, the legal environment, and it includes that the Constitution, laws, administrative regulations, the party's policies, the informal system. It faces technological environment which is divided into two levels:the environment between various schools within the project and the environment between health projects and other projects. On the one hand, these environmental factors and non-government are separating, and there have some cushion between them. On the other hand, non-government organization itself has not yet fully aware of these environmental factors and their significance. Therefore, the non-government organization, concerns for the environment, understands and self-explains that:not all of the environmental factors are impacting the survival and development of the organization. The factors to which the organization directly responses:specific provisions, for example, "Regulations for Registration of Social Organizations", " On strengthening the city Community Sports Work, "and so on. The factor of technological environment which cause non-government's direct response to is mainly environment between.schools within the project.Second, faced with a complex institutional environment, through the perception of the environment, the non-government organization is aware of:as a civilian organization sponsored by the bottom-up community, all activities should accord to national policies, and in institutional framework, and then the organization should make full use of the development space which national policies and institutions bring. The state's recognition is the primary basis for the development of non-government organization. Meanwhile, in addition to the development of space, there are also critical resources to the development:the legitimacy of the organization, funding and activities of the site. To obtain these resources, it must fully rely on the system. The specific tactics are:strictly accord with the "Regulations Governing the Registration of social groups" made the non-government organization have an identity, then get the external and internal legitimacy of organization, and the type of organization "loose coupling" provides a basis to achieve its full legitimacy. According to "the announcement made by Ministry of Civil Affairs and the State Administration for Industry, which is related to NGO conduct business activities", it set up economic entities, with the income sources of funding to support the non-government to maintain the basic operating needs, that is to say "to Business support weapons ", rather than relying on the government. Actively seek the system space resources for mass sports activities that emerged from "the advice on strengthening community sports work ", and then the organization is organized "embedded in community activities" in order to get rid of the plight of the shortage of space resources.Third, there are two major threats in technological environment faced by the non-government organization. The first threat refers to the birth of second school of the Chinese MLQ, and the technical advantages of the non-government may be replaced. The second threat is the birth of the third school of MLQ that is created by state, and then its technological legitimacy is challenged, and the survival and development of organizations have been hit. Through its concern, understanding and self-explanation environmental changes, it finds that, to get rid of the manipulation of external environment, the most fundamental way is to fully develop its core project of Chinese martial arts MLQ. Specific tactics are as follows:According to the new "Regulations Governing the Registration of social groups", provide the organizational basis for the technological development. And by two ways to interact with the Government, it creates a fit environment for technology development. Trough supporting and active response to the state "to outlaw the Falun Dafa Research Society's decision", it stabilize the technological environment for the development. The organization cooperates with the professional university of sports and hospitals and so on, through the experimental study and holding seminars to prove their scientificity of projects. The authority of their own projects is recognized by the government. So its legitimacy for the technology is achieved. To develop the project, it continuously consolidate and innovate technology, taking a variety of ways to promote technology, at the same time, it tells itself to be aware of proprietary core technology weakly, not to dwell on who Created the right project, and focus on the development of Chinese martial arts MLQ. When the organization's technology development has been threatened by the State, It will take the right way to resolve conflicts and achieve the desired results expected by the Organization.Fourth, from the tactics taken by the non-government organization, it tends to actively seek the power stored in the institutional environment, regardless of institutional environment or technological environment. Finally it reached this result: through the dependence of environment on the system, keeping its technical superiority. This shows that the technological environment it faces is not nothing to do with the institutional environment. Technological environment is built on the basis of the institutional environment, and institutional framework affects the goals of the organization, as well as its "legal" way to respond.Overall, the non-government organization in the development process show a certain degree of autonomy.But from its dependence on the institutional environment, it can only be esteemed an organization which adapts to institutional environment to a great extent.It is good at seeking the power of institutional environment.It is a dynamic actors, rather than simply passively obey.