Study On The Vision-based Target Tracking And Spatial Coordinates Positioning System

Measuring accuracy for the integrated manufacturing and precision assembly process must be guaranteed by large-size coordinate measuring technology, especially by large-size coordinate measuring technology for long distance in a series of basic industry and heavy industry. Large-size coordinate measurement systems must be established, calibrated and traced in the industrial field. Due to bad field conditions, there is lack of the general theory about the formation of global measuring stations and the analysis method for error distribution, synthesis and transmission between multiple instruments. It brings forward high request for measurement process with high precision, high efficiency and high automation because of complex field of work environment and the huge space. Large-size measurement process for long distance has had an important impact on the development of national equipment manufacturing industry and related fields.Combined with image processing technology, modern control theory, image tracking theory, evolutionary algorithms and other key technologies, the related theory about optimal disposition for multiple sensors and the target location accuracy analysis based on laser electronic theodolites large-size measurement system is studied in the paper, and a target tracking and spatial coordinates positioning process based on machine vision is implemented. The theory and experimental results show that the proposed methods for optimization of stations and tracking measurement process has satisfactory measurement accuracy, efficiency and adaptability, which can be applied in actual industrial measurements. The main research content and the specific tasks of the paper are described as follows:1. The measuring principle, the present development situations at home and abroad as well as the demand of different types of large-size measuremet systems for long distance in industry especially in modern equipment manufacturing is described, then the present situations of the automation level and measuring accuracy for the current large-size measurement instruments are analyzed emphatically.2. Common measuring principle, directional algorithm and measurement data processing method for electronic theodolite system is deduced in details, and the basic theory about the best position in the measurement space for two theodolites system and the common coordinate registration for large-size measuring systems is analyzed.3. The common distribution model for electronic theodolite system based on least squares algorithm and error separation algorithm is studied, and the optimization of the multiple electronic theodolite stations with complex spatial constraints is carried out by modern evolutionary algorithm. The sources of error for a single electronic theodolite are analyzed, and the targeting uncertainty is evaluated by Monte Carlo methods.4. The architecture and basic working principles of the target tracking and spatial coordinate measurement system based on laser electronic theodolite is introduced. The tracking model for spatial moving target based on modern imaging tracking and filtering estimation algorithm is established, and the laser guidance model based on kinematics of the rotating stage is built in order to apply laser electronic theodolite system to objective dynamic measurements.5. The measurement method with spatial angle intersection of laser electronic theodolite based on aiming interpolation is studied. Image-based adaptive zoom lens model and the model of laser scan line of laser electronic theodolites are established in order to locate the spatial target efficiently when the laser spot is not coincided with characteristics of the target, and the target positioning accuracy is analyzed in details.