Social Entrepreneurship Motivation, Opportunity Recognition And Decision Making Mechanism Study

Social entrepreneurship is a globally rising new way to achieve social goals through business model. In the circumstances of Chinese NPO policy and resource dilemma, many unmet diversified social need only depending on government and explosive rising of social problems with radical social change, social entrepreneurship shows the critical roles in proving social service. In the mean time, spontaneous social entrepreneurship from civil society is a very important complement to the government-dominating social service providing system.Social entrepreneurs play the leading role in the process of entrepreneurship. They are motivated by strong social mission and skilled in recognizing and finding social problems and business solution to provide social service. Social entrepreneurs are active in helping government to meet diversification social needs and solve lots of social problems like unemployment, disparity of city and country, unfair distribution, faultiness of social security system and environment destruction.When facing so much complicated social needs, social problems and being lacking of resources, how social entrepreneur recognize double bottom line opportunity which is profitable and social and make the right entrepreneurship decision in order to form strong social impact eventually is a very practically important problem. This paper takes the entrepreneurship decision as the research object, trying to find the mechanism how social entrepreneurship motivation affects opportunity recognition and finally affects the social performance of entrepreneurship decision. This paper also wants to find out the ways to prove the social performance of social entrepreneurship decision.In order to illustrate the core issue, this paper conducts innovative research by combination of theoretical study and empirical study, literature review and investigation, as well as qualitative research and quantitative research.Firstly, why entrepreneur choose social while not business entrepreneurship? This research tries to find out the structure and content difference of altruism motivation and egoism motivation between social entrepreneurs and business entrepreneurs to answer this question.Secondly, entrepreneurship intention is just the beginning, in order to make the right decision social entrepreneurs must recognize the right opportunity, so what is the decision process mechanism? This paper deeply studies the social entrepreneurship decision process mechanism by interviewing 243 social entrepreneurs and using SEM to testify and modify the conceptual model.Thirdly, how social entrepreneurs improve their social performance of entrepreneurship decision? In order to find the t entrepreneurship decision mechanism difference and how to improve social performance of decision, this research classified social entrepreneurs into two categories according to entrepreneurial alertness, prior knowledge and cognitive style and classified the opportunity model into 4 different types.Through above research, this paper draws some conclusion as follows:(1)Business entrepreneurs have apparently stronger egotism motivation than altruism motivation; social entrepreneurs have apparently balanced egotism motivation and altruism motivation. The difference of altruism is the key for choosing different entrepreneurship field. This paper finds out that both social and business entrepreneurs have egotism and altruism motivation in structure, but business entrepreneurs have no commitment to public interest.(2)Social entrepreneurship motivation affects social performance of decision through opportunity recognition partially media, egotism and altruism motivation take effect in different stage of decision process. This paper finds out that there exits 3 main paths.Pathl:altruism motivation→opportunity profitable recognition→social performance of decision. Path2:altruism motivation→opportunity social recognition→social performance of decision; Path3:egotism motivation→social performance of decision.(3)System innovation and local improvement social entrepreneurs show different characteristics in social entrepreneurship decision mechanism. Because of lower prior knowledge, alertness and adaptive cognitive style, decision performance and opportunity profitable recognition of local improvement social entrepreneur first increase than decrease with the increase of altruism motivation, while decision performance and opportunity recognition of system innovation social entrepreneur increase with the increase of altruism motivation. Local improvement social entrepreneurs should learn more business knowledge and increase alertness of profitable opportunity when they want to do bigger influence social change. The stronger altruism motivation of system innovation social entrepreneurs, the more social impact they made.(4)This paper proposes 4 types of opportunity models and find out total separated type is better than half mixed type (including 2 kinds of types) and half mixed type is better than total mixed type in social performance of entrepreneurship decision. Under the choice of total separation of client and service providing between social mission project and business project, social entrepreneurs are exposed to a large opportunity circumstances, so he could find better opportunity to form better social performance of entrepreneurship decision. Under the choice of half mixed type, social entrepreneurs pay too much attention on the business and resource attaining and relatively ignore the social recognition opportunity, so their social performance of entrepreneurship decision is relative lower. The total mixed type is the worst and invalid, under this choice social entrepreneurs provide the same service to the same target clients group with free and non-free for charge two discrimination pricing. So this type is clearly lack of fairness and equity.Base on above research, this paper develops and enrich the social entrepreneurship theory, entrepreneurship opportunity theory and entrepreneurship motivation theory with theoretical and empirical research methods. With the growing of civil society and the more importance of social entrepreneurship to citizen social needs met, this paper provides practical and useful management advice for social entrepreneurs improving their social performance and impact of entrepreneurship decision.