Institutions Transferring And Policy Evaluation On Agricultural Mechanization In China

Agricultural mechanization has become an important sign for development level of agricultural production, a basement for realizing agricultural modernization and efficient measures for enhancing peasants' income, guaranteeing country's food safety, reducing agricultural labor, enhancing peasants' social class, realizing grace labor for peasants, stimulating the whole booming and developing in rural and constructing harmonious society. From 1949 to now, agricultural mechanization in China has gone through four stages, which include low speed development, almost stop, slow development and rapid development. With the development in these four different stages, agricultural mechanization in China has changed totally. By following the agricultural industry criterion made by Agricultural Department in China, the agricultural in China has passed through the elementary stage in 2007 and entered into middle developing stage. And now, agricultural mechanization is during the process from middle stage to advanced stage.Because of the weakness trait, the development of agricultural needs the support from agricultural policies. Therefore, the arrangement of institutions, which especially are proposed and applied from government, take pivotal functions in the process of change on agricultural production methods and enhancing the efficiency of agricultural production.The development of agricultural mechanization application technology and the enhancement of agricultural machine equipment are key influencing factors to decide the developing level of agricultural mechanization. However, the two factors are all limited by the making and applying results of agricultural mechanization institutions and policies.Especially when the development of agricultural mechanization has passed through a stage of rapid development, if we can't control the orientation of institutions, the development of agricultural mechanization will drop into a low rapid developing stage. So, we need to do some research on the arrangement of agricultural mechanization institutions based on the development target of agricultural mechanization, characters of agricultural production and the development of agricultural mechanization. By using the scientific evaluation methodology to measure the performance of institutions on agricultural mechanization, we can get the support information about how to enhance the level of agricultural mechanization in China. Based on the background of this field and research goals, we studied six aspects and got corresponding conclusions, which can be listed as following:1. Basic conceptions and theories about institutions transferring on agricultural mechanization. The conceptions of institutions, institutions transfer, policy and corresponding related conceptions were introduced in this chapter. At the same time, based on the characters of agricultural mechanization, the content and traits of institutions and their arrangement were identified. We also explained the relationship between institutions of agricultural mechanization and stimulating policies. The theory of economy development, theory of institutions transferring, theory of system engineering and basic theory of policy appraisal are introduce, which will take the theory basement of this dissertation.2. Evolution of institutions on agricultural mechanization in China and international comparison. By referencing on the different development stage in agricultural mechanization in China, we systematically studied the institutions of agricultural mechanization since 1949, especially since 1978, based on the basic theory of institutions transferring, and then we explored the causal and judged the efficiency of institutions transferring. We draw a conclusion that the transferring of institutions has hybrid traits which are produced by the enforced and induced institutions transferring from government. By using comparison method, we studied the development level, institutions arrangement traits and stimulating policies in mainly developed countries, which can provide efficient reference information on applying the institutions of agricultural mechanization in China.3. Comprehensive evaluation on regional development on agricultural mechanization in China. By integrated TOPSIS and PCA methodology, we can get the development level of agricultural mechanization in 31 regions in China in 2003,2005,2007 and 2009. Based on the ranking results of comprehensive evaluation in different years and arrangement of institutions on agricultural mechanization in China, we get the analyzed the gap between regions. And then, a conclusion is drawn that the main development level of agricultural mechanization is mainly decided by institutions.4. Evolution and tendency analysis on input-output efficiency on agricultural mechanization in Jilin Province. Based on the evaluation results of regional evaluation, we chose Jilin province as demonstration to analysis. Firstly, we filtered inputs and outputs variable data on agricultural mechanization in Jilin Province, and then identified the indexes. Secondly, we used cross-efficiency DEA model to measure the inputs-outputs relative efficiency from 2000 to 2010. By using the cross-efficiency DEA calculation results, we can analysis the evolution process of agricultural mechanization in Jilin Province. As a conclusion, the relative efficiency of agricultural mechanization reached to the maximum in 2007, which is mainly caused by the lag of institutions application and boundary revenue reduction in institutions application.5. Design and application on System Dynamic Model for evaluating the efficiency of agricultural mechanization polices. By using the basic theory and methodology of system dynamics, we designed SD models for policies performance evaluation about agricultural mechanization which include policies'economy effects, policies effects, etc. Taking Jilin Province as an example, we did evaluation on stimulating polices performance and analyzed the evolution tendency of policy performance. At last, we analyzed the inflexion on arrangement of institutions about agricultural mechanization based the minimum of trading charge.6. Optimal policies on institutions arrangement about agricultural mechanization in China. Based on the research results from above, we systematically proposed the institutions requirements and corresponding policies about enhancing the equilibrium development of agricultural mechanization, and enhancing development speed. Based on the equilibrium of institutions'principal parts relationship, we proposed the corresponding institutions' arrangement for every sub-system in the agricultural mechanization institutions, which can provide reference information to decision maker.In the process of studies, we both focused on the main contradictions and weak some side contradictions based on the main ideas from theory of contradictions. By using system research and analysis on arrangement of institutions on agricultural mechanization in different stage of China, comparing the developed countries, we identified the basic problems in arrangement of institutions about agricultural mechanization in China. By using quantity methodology, we measured the development level and efficiency between regions (within China) and within regions (in Jilin Province), which can provide information to supply, make policies and reduce cost in enhancing the agricultural mechanization institutions.