Study On The Dynamic Effect Of Exporting From Perspective Of Heterogeneous Firms

This paper discusses the effect of export on firm's performance, especially, great attention is paid to the role of export in cultivating firm's endogenous ability, such as productivity and innovation ability. According to the channel that export influences firm's performance, this paper studys the effect of export in two dimensions:one is to test the direct impact of export on exporters'performance, the other one is to test the indirect impact of export on no-exporter'performance, which is resulted from the interaction between exporters and no-exporters.As to the first dimension, this paper studys the "learning effect" of Chinese native exporters, the focus is to test the dynamic change of "learning effect" and the structual "learning effect" of exporters with different export intensity.As to the second dimension, this paper studys the effect of FIE on the export of Chinese native firms, the "export spillover effect" and "export crowding-out effect" are both considered in this paper.The stylied fact that exporters are better than no-exporters is the start-point to research the effect of export on firms'performance. Owing to the specific character of Chinese export in export type and exporters'ownership, this paper firstly test whether the stylied fact is true for all Chinese firms. The empirical results show that the stylied fact is only true for the native exporters and the exporters engaged in normal export, namely, the foregin exporters is inferior to foregin no-exporters and the exporters engaged in process export is inferior to no-exporters.Based on the Chinese fact, this paper test the dynamic learning effect of export, which uses productivity as dependent variable to indirectly test learning effect.The results show that the learning effect is weak and unsustainable, the learning effect of export will diappear soon after the entry into export market.Moreover, this paper find that, the learning effect will be negative in the long term, the outstanding exporter is likely to be inferior to no-exporters.Beyond the dynamic "learning effect" of export, the structure of "learning effect" is aslo an important topic.This paper tests the differnces of "learning effect" among different export-intensity exporters.Moreover, different from the test of dynamic learning effect, innovation is used as dependent variable to directly test the structural learning effect.The results show that, in short term, the impact of export on firms' innovation is significant, which is the same as the result that uses the productivity as the dependent variable.Besides, this paper find that the learning effect of export is significantly different based on exporters'export-intensity. The bigger the export intensity, the less the learning effect, even more, export is harmful to exporters' learning if the export-intensity is high enough.In a word, learning effect not only disappears with time, but also dissappears if the export type is processing trade.In view of the importance of FIE in Chinese export sector, at the end, this paper specifically test the impact of FIE on native firm's export performance. The results show that FIE has mixed effect on native firm's export performance.On one side, FIE is helpful to native firm through the information spillover and innovation spillover. On the other hand, FIE has negative effect through compitition presssure.Besides, this paper finds structure effect of FIE on native firm's export based on their sources and export-intensity.Based on the above empirical evidence, this paper provide explanations incorporating the transitional character of Chinese economy. The major idea is that the benefits of openess largely depend on the domestic instituion quality.Without the improvement of institution quality, domestic firms do not has the incentive to learn, even they entry into the export market,their endogenous growth ablility is hard to grow, the unbalance of Chinese export volume and competitiveness is still a great challege for China.