Business Incubators And Technology Innovations

Business incubators, which emerged in the New Science and Technology Revolution, are kinds of social economy organizations for the purpose to raise the successful enterprises and the entrepreneurs. They can reduce the risk and the cost of starts; enhance the success ratio of starts through by providing the infrastructure and the general service for the newly established enterprise. In 1959, business incubators appeared in US. On the beginning of the 20th century 80's, the various countries government started to set up business incubators one after another by the United Nations Science and Technology Development Foundation's impetus. Up to 2002 year's end, there are nearly 4,000 business incubators in 68 countries. Gradually, the business incubators become a policy tool for the local authority to accelerate the echnology innovation for improving regional economy. At the same time, the business incubator is also being paid more attention to by researchers, and becomes a multidiscipline research topic.On June 1987 in China the first business incubators established in the Wuhan East Lake. After the nearly 20 years, the business incubators has already developed in one of important implements in the Torch Plan, and becomes a kind of policy tool for the local authority to impel the technical innovation. Especially in the period of the 9th Five-years Plan, Chinese business incubators made a great progress whose quantity and type has realized the surmounting. At present, Chinese business incubators are already some scalable: up to 2003 year's end, there are more than 500 business incubators in China. This quantity is the second in the world. And Chinese business incubators type is rich: the University Science and Technology Park, the Technology Business Incubators, the International Business Incubators, the Business Incubators for Overseas Chinese Scholars. But there are some problems. On the one hand the growth of business incubators does not tally eagerly to the original intention of the local authority to chase the rate of GDP increase. On the other hand the public resources, which business incubators take, are much more than the contribution, which business incubators take. It requests to transform the development direction of Chinese business incubators from the quantity growth to the quality enhancement. And the government departments have to transform the business incubators policy which paying attention to the scale and the quantity of business incubators transformsto enhance the technology innovation efficiency of business incubators. Especially under the background of the implementation independent innovation strategy in China, how to enhance the technology innovation efficiency of business incubators appears more urgently.We try to solve the question of the government how to enhance the technical innovation efficiency of business incubators. The research begins with the changes of the technology innovation's characteristics in the New Science and Technology Revolution. Then paper explains that the relationship of business incubators and the technical innovation, the technical innovation mechanism of business incubators. The research also unifies the theory and the practice, analyzing successful business incubators policy in the world. The paper divides into six chapters: Chapters 2nd, 3rd, 4th theoretically discussed the business incubators policy, including research background, the function mechanism of the business incubators policy as well as the tendency of the business incubators policy; Chapter 5th summarized the business incubators policy in the world; Chapters 6th analyzed Chinese business incubators development, proposed for Chinese local authority to how to enhance the technical innovation efficiency of the business incubators.Chapter 1st after summarizing the domestic and foreign research of the business incubators, the paper proposed the question with which faced the research of Chinese business incubators. In China, it is quite weak that the studies of"the government how to enhance the technology innovation efficiency of business incubators". It is necessity to study the relationship between the business incubator and the technology innovations; and to provide for the local authority with the related knowledge of the utilizing business incubators to impel the technology innovations.Chapter 2nd mainly introduced the background knowledge of the business incubators policy. On the one hand the paper discussed the influence and the function of business incubators; on the other hand discussed the relationship business incubators between the New Technical Revolutions. It is thought that the business incubators policy is a new development strategy of the implementation technology innovation. And it is an idea to realize economical development depending on the investment to the intelligence.Chapter 3rd pays attention to the principle of the business incubators policy. Firstly the paper has analyzed the technology innovation characteristics of the smallbusiness. It thought that business incubators help the small business to realize the technical innovation premise basing on these characteristics. Then, the paper analyzed the business incubators how to create an advantageous environment for the small business to realize the technical innovation. It thought that on the one hand business incubators help the newly established enterprise to attract the venture capital, on the other hand help the small business to form the enterprise cluster to realize the scale economy. Finally, this chapter discussed some questions of the business incubators policy to impel technology innovations.Chapter 4th analyzed the business incubators policy tendency. On the background of the Information and the Globalization, business incubators are becoming virtualized and internationalized. And it also thought that business incubators would be grow to some kinds of for-profit organizations and multi-function policy tools.Chapter 5th summarized the basic experience in American, European Union as well as Asian partial countries that government enhances the technical innovation efficiency of business incubators. (1) The government support is the essential factor for business incubators. But the government's function is different in the different stage of the business incubators'development. (2) The University Science and Technology Parks are the business incubators'important carrier, business incubators could join the university scientific research and the high technology industry. (3) It is the direction of the business incubators to unite the risk capital seeking for profit. (4) The association is the important form to impel the development of business incubators. (5) Besides kinds of the business incubators policy, the business incubators development benefits from the small business policy.Chapter 6th summarized the development and the characteristic of Chinese business incubators. The author suggests that the government needs not only to strengthen the organization and instruction of business incubators but also to consummate the small business policy.