Container Port Competition Policy Research

With the increasing integration of the world economy,raw materials ,semi-products and finished products spread more and more quickly in the whole world,which needs the support of efficient transport infrastructure. In the current,sea-shipping is still the main mode of international transport.The effectiveness and efficiency of the transport infrastructure affect the cost of the products and its competitiveness. We can look the container ship routes as a connected network,which consists of carrier spot and service arc, and port is a part of it.So the port will impact the products cost and ship performance. Alike other industries,the port faces many challenges and chances.The prevailing of "door to door" mode,encouraging port to be integrated in the whole transport process further. The trends of larger and larger ships used by the shipping liner, the port has to make more investment in its infrastructure to competing for hub port in the mainline.The coalition of shipping lines weaks the port market pricing status.With the better of the land infrastruc-ture,the hinterland of ports overlaps widely and widely,which results in the competition between ports becomes more and more severe due to the ownership of port decentralized. Under so complexed environment,the port authority has to find out right tacits to gain satisfied profit.In order to solve the problem mentioned in the above paragraph,the dissertation has studied the design of tacits of container ports based on quantitative method and game theory. The following aspects have been discussed in detail in the paper.(1) The factors affect port competition and evaluation of port competitivenessBy emperical ways,we found out the factors affect port competitivenss and its relative importance.The results also show that different user of the port has different opin-ions.Furthermore,a superefficieny DEA model was used to assess port's relative performance.(2) Two port non-cooperation game modelThe classical Hotelling model was expanded to network environmet to solve the port tacit design problem between two ports. The port is the price and service decision-maker with a stationary position,the shipper is the taker evenly distribution in a plane.The best price level of each port has gained.The network externality in the port is discussed for the first time,the reason aroused this has presented in the paper.Under positive networkexternality, the ports optimised price and service tacits have gained.(3) The container transport supernetwork and its equilibrium modelAccording to the business progress of the container transportation, virtual network is built.Just like the general network,a node denotes container transship spot,an arc that means the service supplied by one company denotes the line between two node.Especially,the port was figured out by two nodes and an arc,quay and gateway is node,the movement in during the port is virtual arc. In terms of network,the sequence of node and arc is called "Container Transport Lines".A comparision of the container transport network and general transport network was submitted.With the theory of the transport network,a static and a stochastic equilibrium allocation model was built up respectively. How to express the conjestion in the port is a hard problem, in this context,a function was constucted to model this condition.So the shippment of each arc and line can be gotten if the total transport demand is given and the network structure unchanged. When change the parameter in the model,a changed solution can be obtained.By virtue of different results,the port authority can assess the influence of all kinds of changes.(4) Multi-port non-cooperation game modelThe competition among ports outline the countary bountary,such as competing for hub port in the mainline by many asian ports.In this section,a multi-port competing model was presented in the first time,which is a Bi-level problem,the upper solved many ports noncooperative competing problem,the lower solved the shippers nocooperative game problem.Because the leader and follower are multiple, a equilibrium problem with equilibrium constraints model(EPEC) is concluded. By solving this model,the best scenario of ports (more than two)can be suggested.