| "Science and technology are the first productive power". Technology innovation has become a tendency in the world economy development, because the development of a country is more and more dependent on science and technology. It is well known that technology innovation is one of the important factors that determine the long-run economy development of a country, and also is an important drive and source that keep a country constant development in economy growth. Therefore, the developing countries have expected to obtain the advanced technology from developed countries through foreign direct investment, so as to further strengthen and improve their ability of technology innovation. Since the reform and opening, large quantities of foreign direct investment have swarmed into China by the attraction of the abundant and cheap labor forces and a series of favorable policies for foreign direct investment. It is undoubted that foreign direct investment has an important role in increasing capital stock, improving the efficiency of investment and resource allocation and the development and utilization of human capital, but it is suspicious whether foreign capital promotes the technology innovation of native enterprises at the same time. The problem is just the subject of the article.Firstly, the article studies the influence of foreign direct investment on technology innovation of native enterprises based on the"International technology diffusion theory", discusses the mechanism under which foreign direct investment plays a role, including demonstration competition mechanism, movement of personal mechanism and connection mechanism of front and afterward industries, and analyzes the factors which influence the effects of FDI from the aspects of technology importing party,technology exporting party and technology import government.Secondly, as for the quick development of foreign direct investment since the reform and opening, the article empirically analyzes the influence and functional mechanism of foreign direct investment on technology innovation (denoted by the number of application for patents) of Chinese enterprises by Panel Data from different regions and industries, from which we draw many and meaningful conclusions. We find in the research: (1) foreign direct investment has a positive influence on technology innovation of Chinese enterprises, but the influence is very small; foreign direct investment affects the number of application for appearance and design patents to the greatest extend, and practical new-style patents take second place, but insignificantly for inventive patents. (2) There exist significantly regional characteristics of the influence on technology innovation of foreign direct investment, thereinto, it is significant for foreign direct investment to promote the number of application for patents in the east area, while insignificant for the middle and west areas. Because the higher level of economy development and stronger innovational ability in the east area make internal enterprises have the absorbency to the advanced technology. At the same time, the foreign capital accumulated in the east areas also provides indispensable conditions for the function. On the contrary, because the total economy development and technology level are both behind the times, the middle and west areas have no enough absorbency to the advanced technology from foreign direct investment for the moment, so as to result in the weak influence of foreign direct investment in these areas. (3) According to results of the classified regression, it shows that even in the east areas where foreign capital plays a significant role, it only has a function in the aspect of appearance design, which shows that foreign direct investment mainly affects some innovational items with relatively low technology. (4) The empirical results by analyzing the data from different branches of manufacture show that foreign enterprises play a positive function in technology innovation of Chinese enterprises through demonstration—imitation mechanism. However, the improvement of technology innovation of native enterprises can promote foreign enterprises to improve their innovation level, so in the competition with foreign capital enterprises, internal enterprises can hardly take up the advantage. Then it can prove the following conclusions to certain extend: the promoted role in technology innovation of foreign direct investment only embodies in the application for appearance design patents.Finally, based on the theory and empirical analysis, the article puts forward both the general policies on the foreign capital and the regional policies, and then makes some suggestions to promote independent innovation, which mainly include: The strategy of"using market to trade technology"should be changed to"using competition to trade technology", so as to promote the foreign enterprises to increase the technology content through competitive circumstance, and then to improve the technology innovation ability of Chinese enterprises to a higher level; Provide more favorable treatment in policies to the middle and west areas; Strengthen the status of the enterprise as a main body in technology innovation, and design the incentive mechanism and security system in order to promote the technology innovation.
|
PDF Full Text Request