Financial Liberalization In China And Its Effect On Real Economy

So many developing countries looked forward that the theory of Financial Liberalization could prompt economy development in the 1970's. Had investigated the actual condition of developing countries, McKinnon and Shaw advocated financial liberalization for developing countries. They argued that the liberalized financial sector could effectively convert the saving to credit; then the real economy could get advantage from this measure. The purpose of Financial Liberalization is reconstructing a harmonious financial system without the redundant intervene from the government. The final goal is to harmonize the relationship between the financial system and the real economy.Through the reform of Chinese financial system, financial liberalization strived to achieve the change from central planned economy to market economy and from the closely financial system to openly financial system. But the present theory and practice experience shows that: the interest rate marketization, the change of exchange rate system, and the financial system adjustment are the most difficult problem in economy development. Financial repression seems more conducive to economic stability, but it may reduce the allocation efficiency of financial resources. And the purpose of the implementation of financial liberalization is to solve low efficiency of the conversion from saving to investment in financial system. By reducing the government intervention, let the market to allocate financial resource, and ensure the efficiency of resource allocation.The paper is divided into five chapters; the structure arrangement is as follows:The first chapter the development orientation of financial liberalization practice: review and compare. This chapter reviews the reform policies of financial liberalization in different countries, and compares the impact. Then combined with the actual situation in China, we discussed the common and controversy of financial liberalization practice.The second chapter related theory and literature review. This chapter analyzes and summarizes the related theory correlation of financial liberalization and real economy. The core of channels was saving and investment, that financial liberalization influence to the real economy. Although theories research shows that the impact of financial liberalization savings with uncertainty,it can promote transformation efficiency and capital allocation efficiency.The third chapter financial liberalization index constructing and analysis. This chapter combined the concrete practice of the Chinese financial liberalization reform, according to the importance of the event assignment, using the principal component analysis method of Chinese financial liberalization index, the principal component analysis method is applied to construct Chinese financial liberalization index. Combination of Chinese financial liberalization index , empirical this chapter empirical analyzed the saving, investment,and their efficiency in Chinese financial liberalization process.The fourth chapter Empirical test of interest rate effect of financial liberalization. This chapter use quarterly and monthly data from 1992 to 2007.ARDL method is applied to empirical test McKinnon - Shaw hypothesis and the sensitivity of the actual interest rate to Chinese commercial bank loans actions. From the macro and micro levels, this chapter studies the impact of the actual interest rate and real economic, thus looks for empirical evidence of the impact Chinese economic and financial liberalization.The fifth chapter the Judgment of Chinese financial liberalization process and proposals to financial deepening reform. In view of the current financial crisis of international environment, this chapter discusses the development direction of Chinese financial reform. The reform of Chinese financial liberalization is different from western markets', because we do Market mechanism imperfect was the major problem in Chinese finance; therefore we should promote financial liberalizations, especially, interest rate liberalization reform, and perfect the price mechanism of the financial and real economic.For any country, the financial are indispensable modern economic development of key factors. For developing countries and transition countries, through financial development, improve savings, increase the conversion from saving to investment, and better quality and quantity of economic development has become a consensus. According to China's financial liberalization process and economic entity, combining the characteristics of China's economic development, in comparison to other countries and summarizes the experience of financial liberalization, on the basis of using the econometric methods for empirical research, the following conclusions:(1) The core channel of financial liberalization influence to the real economy is savings and investment. Through financial function of each study found that changes in investment and financing channels, the financial structure, and so development of the securities market of the real economy have an impact on savings and investment. In general, although theoretical studies have shown the financial impact of liberalization on savings uncertainty, the financial liberalization can indeed conversion efficiency savings and improve capital allocation efficiency role to play, therefore, there is a positive correlation between financial liberalization and economic development entities.(2) Through the preparation index of financial liberalization of China's financial liberalization historical development, found that progressive and repeatability existed, especially in the late 1980s to the early 1990s, financial liberalization reforms appear a certain degree of repeated. But since 1992, the index of financial liberalization has an obvious upward trend, thus verify that financial liberalization in China began in 1992.(3) This chapter uses this financial liberalization index, and establishes cointegration equation of savings and investment, as well as the different sources of fixed assets investment in real economy. Then it measures the impact of financial liberalization process and real economic. The empirical results show that financial liberalizations have an influence on the scale and quality of investment, and promote the economy development.(4) This chapter uses quarterly and monthly data from 1992 to 2007, ARDL method is applied to empirical test the impact on real interest rates for savings and investment in fixed assets. The empirical results show, in the long term, the actual interest rate for the savings of change is not clear. And the impact of the actual interest rate for investment in fixed assets is statistical significance, and in the same direction. It shows that the relationship between the actual interest rate and investment, accords with McKinnon-Shaw hypothesis.(5) Empirical results between commercial bank savings and loan show that China's commercial banks lending behavior of investment in fixed assets have a very significant positive effects, commercial bank loans and fixed assets investment and the actual lending rates of change in the same direction, and showing a certain degree of sensitivity, but in the same direction between the two relationships in China that may exist McKinnon - Shaw said the investment to raise interest rates to increase the interest rate effect of financial liberalization.