| In recently years, the function of entrepreneurship on technology development and economic growth becomes prominent increasingly, and the entrepreneurship attracts the research interesting in foreign and domestic. As the main topic of entrepreneurship field, management scholars begin to pay attention to the EO from 70th of last century. The evolution of EO conceptual and the development of EO measuring activate EO research.The relationship of EO and performance is always the focus topic of CE. While, the current research leads to different conclusions. Some research suggest that EO is positively related with performance, some suggest that they has no relationship, some think the relationship is negative and some think the relationship is inversed U relationship. The debate attracts the research interesting, which is reason why EO can be the focus of entrepreneurship for several decades. The relationship between EO and performance is effected by organizational and environment factors. So it is necessary to add other variables to analyze the relationship of EO and performance.Most scholars think that EO is useful for the opportunity recognition and development, and resource as an important factor, plays a key role during process of opportunity recognition and development. EO is a kind of resource consuming strategy orientation. EO can be looked as an important investment attitude or propensity. In order to realize the performance and long term advantage, the firm needs to acquire more resource to guarantee the implement of EO.Resource is the bases of firm's possessing heterogeneity resource and competitive advantage. But the empirical research about the impact of EO on resource acquisition is few. The combination of EO and resource provides a new research view(Wiklund & Shepherd,2003).The environment as an absolutely necessary factor to influence the relationship between EO and performance attracts the research interest. Understanding the difference of national entrepreneurship environment will make the research more meaningful. Environment is a kind of important factor in the EO model of Guth&Ginsberg(1991),Covin&Slevin(1991)and Lumpkin&Dess(1996). But most of earlier study is under the background of developed country, and in recent years, the specific character of transitional economy attracts the research interest. Considering the specific institutional arrangement is the premise of entrepreneurship and management research. During the transitional economy, Chinese is experiencing the deepen transform, which brings more impact on the firm's entrepreneurial behavior and model.Obviously, China provides and idea experiment lab of transitional economy. Therefore, we choose institutional environment as the moderating variable between the relationship of EO and resource acquisition.So through literature review and case study, this paper builds the conceptual model of EO, resource acquisition, institutional environment and firm performance, analyzes the relationship among them and points out hypotheses; examines the conceptual model and hypotheses through empirical analysis; discusses the empirical result and point out the significance in theory and practice. This paper includes following parts.Firstly, reviews the relative literature about EO and resource acquisition and evaluates the contribution and shortage, based on this, summarizes the factors this paper will analyze. Secondly, builds the conceptual model of EO, resource acquisition, institutional environment and firm performance. Taking the current literature for reference, this paper divides EO into three dimensions: innovative, risk-taking and proactiveness; divides resource acquisition into two dimensions: knowledge-based resource acquisition and operational resource accumulating, divides institutional environment into three dimensions: regular, cognitive and normative.Thirdly, based on the theoretical analysis, puts forward 24 hypotheses about the influence of EO on resource acquisition; the influence of resource acquisition on new firm performance; influence of knowledge-based resource acquisition on operational resource accumulating, the moderating effect of institutional environment on the relationship between EO and resource acquisition.Fourthly, theoretical model and hypotheses we put forward are tested using SPSS software. The data are from questionnaire of 344 new firms in Jinlin Province. Results of the test indicate that the model is well supported and 18 out of 24 are supported.Finally, a discussion is made on the test results, which further makes it clear that out research is of great importance both in theory and practice. We analyses the significance of hypotheses, which are supported and analyses the cause of hypotheses which are not supported according to the special development background of Chinese new firm practice. In general, we gain two management implicadtions from empirical analysis conclusiton: firstly, through, cultivating innovation and entrepreneurial spirit, improving institutional environment, especially normative environment, the firms cultivate the forming of the entrepreneurial orientation. Secondly, the firms should improve resource acquisition and resource integration ability, through building effective learning mechanism. Combining the empirical analysis conclusion and case study, the paper provide four classical types of firms: high profit, low profit, and in the loss and stagnation with management implication in three espects: entrepreneurial orientation choice, resource acquisition in the process of entrepreneurial performing, and instutional environment exploitation in the process of entrepreneurial orientation forming and performing.The basic conclusions of the dissertation are as follows:Innovativeness is positively related to knowledge resource acquisition. Innovativeness is positively related to operational resource acquisition. Risk-taking is positively related to knowledge resource acquisition. Risk-taking is positively related to operational resource acquisition. Proactiveness is positively related to knowledge resource acquisition. Regular environment has a positive moderating role on the relationship of innovativeness and knowledge-based resource acquisition. Regular environment has a positive moderating role on the relationship of risk-taking and operational resource acquisition. Regular environment has a positive moderating role on the relationship of proactiveness and knowledge-based resource acquisition. Regular environment has a positive moderating role on the relationship of proactiveness and operational resource acquisition. Cognitive environment has a positive moderating role on the relationship of innovativeness and knowledge-based resource acquisition. Cognitive environment has a positive moderating role on the relationship of innovativeness and operational resource acquisition. Cognitive environment has a positive moderating role on the relationship of risk-taking and knowledge-based resource acquisition.Cognitive environment has a positive moderating role on the relationship of risk-taking and operational resource acquisition. Normative environment is positively related to innovativeness. Normative environment is positively related to risk-taking. Normative environment is positively related to proactiveness. Knowledge-based resource acquisition is positively related to operational resource acquisition. Knowledge-based resource acquisition is positively related to firm performance.
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