The Impact Of Heterogeneous Landscape To Wetland Ecosystem In Coastal Area

The Study on the interaction between human activities and natural ecosystems is right now the focus of environmental scientific research with the development of coastal economy and human activities, but the contradiction between the vulnerability of the coastal wetland ecosystem and human activities is becoming increasingly prominent. So it's very important to study the impact of human activities to the coastal wetland ecosystems.In this thesis, as the study area north bank of Hangzhou Bay and Shanghai Chongming Dongtan wetland as the reference areas, first mainly focus on the landscape pattern in large scale, the study area is in the north bank of HangZhou Bay, then depend on the economy data this thesis discusses the driving forces of the landscape pattern change. After do the research on the landscape pattern in large scale, this thesis selects the tourism activities as the main driving force to study the impact of the heterogeneous landscape to wetland ecosystem in coastal area. Study area is more typical tourist attractions and close to the coastline (Jinshan City beach, Fengxian Bay Tourism Area, Fengxian Bihaijinsha and Chngming dongtan Conservation area). Environmental factors by analyzing the final choice, the coastal waters and wetland vegetation as major coastal research factors, and coastal tourism development activities are divided into five types:coastal swimming, canoeing, water cycling water sports, water stage set up and taking a walk by the sea. Taking the undeveloped area as the background study area, this thesis analyzes the impact of heterogeneous landscape to wetland ecosystem in coastal area. Depends on the impact of the heterogeneous landscape to the wetland ecosystem, this thesis also do some research on the ecological risk assessment from the landscape ecology sight, and explore the ecological security of the coastal wetlands issues. Relevant conclusions of this thesis are as follows:1. The coastal area discipline of the LUCC change in large scaleFrom large-scale regional level,1994-2003, urban land, land to be developed, roads, factories, forest and railway landscape area increased, which increased more than the factory area of the landscape, an increase of 3751.54 hm; and rural residential land, farmland, water, beaches and ponds to reduce both the landscape area, of which the largest decline in agricultural landscape area, reducing 3899.17 hm2. This shows that the north shore of Hangzhou Bay, the process of urbanization, the development of rules for the first water into the landscape and farm land to be developed, then the majority of land to be developed into plants, urban development in the main land use types from the field towards the gradual transformation of the factory.2. Heterogeneous landscape evolution and its driving forces in north shore of Hangzhou BayStudy area's leading landscape as farmland landscape, patch type area change are the most significant change by more than 10%, mainly due to accelerated urbanization, land transfer to the main patch of farmland from the landscape. Rural residential and agricultural landscape patch density decrease in the maximum, a decrease of 3190 and 2778, mainly due to the expansion of urbanization, making other land instead of living in rural landscape and agricultural landscapes; road landscape of LPI values relatively large rate of increase,8.88, beach water landscape and the decline in the value of a larger LPI,4.12 and 4.24. Landscape of rural housing and roads, the landscape gradually trend was contiguous, and beach and water, a large landscape by human disturbance, becoming more and more fragmentation. Water Landscape IJI value changed much the largest 24.62, largely as a result from 94 years to 2007, the government increased the river planning and clear, make water landscape adjacent landscape increase in the number increases; 13 years, aggregation of water changes the landscape of the biggest, fell to 70.32 from 91.25, as the landscape of the area of water decreased, becoming more and more the result of fragmentation.Coastal Landscape heterogeneity of the greatest changes in the farm landscape, the landscape evolution of the driving force has been calculated, without considering the case of irrational land use, economic development and population growth are the two main driving force of agricultural landscape of evolution.3. The impact of heterogeneous landscape change to the coastal area of wetland ecosystemsCoastal tourism development activities on the wetland environment, to form a unique landscape element; coastal tourist areas of landscape structure with the ongoing tourism development activities in increasingly complex; coastal tourism and landscape features than undeveloped wetland ecosystems more diversified; coastal tourist area of dynamic heterogeneity of the landscape is completely different from undeveloped wetland ecosystems; heterogeneous landscape of the coastal wetlands ecosystem are mainly embodied in the material flow, species and landscape dynamic flow4. The impact of the coastal tourism activities on the wetlands ecosystem(1) Overall good water quality, water quality changes significantly in summer and winterThe water qualities of coastal wetlands are both in two and three levels. The water qualities in winter of Fengxian Bihaijinsha are better than in summer; the water qualities in summer of Fengxian Bay Tourism Area are better than in winter; the water qualities in summer of Jinshan City Beach are better than in winter. The reasons is in Fengxian Bihaijinshan, the scenic spot is closed to protect the coastal shore in winter, but Jinshan city beach open to the public and due to lack of effective maintenance of water quality the water quality is decreased. Winter water quality in the background are worse in the summer, mainly due to increased solid waste water. This shows that the development of coastal tourism activities in the tourist season will affect the water quality of the environment, but as the waters closed in low season, it will protect the regional marine water quality.(2) The impact of coastal tourism activities are different due to the type.Fengxian Bihaijinsha tourist area on the chemical properties of the water quality of coastal swimming is the most affected. Canoeing comprehensive water quality impacts on the water is after swimming. The Jinshan City Beach and Fengxian Bay Tourism Area catering activities are not on the local water environment pollution.(3) Coastal tourism development activities enhances the biodiversity of coastal wetland Vegetation in coastal tourist areas of biological diversity has a strong effect of human disturbance. One is in full accordance with the purpose of human travel to transform the landscape, increase the number of alien species, and the other is due to human transformation of wetland type, and the spontaneous response of vegetation ecosystems, such alteration, manifested as increased biodiversity, Such as Dongtan of Chongming Island bird sanctuary and down embankments number of species of vegetation change.(4) Coastal areas of artificial vegetation in the growth has typical ecological thresholdExperimental observation of this thesis found that coastal vegetation typical artificial Phoenix canariensis in addition to the temperature of the lower leaves gradually increased, the height of its growth there is a certain threshold. Phoenix canariensis in more than 5m of the ratio found in leaves was higher than 3～4m plants.