| The strengthening trend of the integration of the world economy and the prodigious development of international direct investment have become an important force and factor that pushes and affects China's economic development. In order to achieve sustainable development as soon as possible, China has formulated an objective to build an environment-friendly society. Under this context, it is theoretically and practically significant to pay attention to and to study the impact of the foreign direct investment (FDI) on China's ecological environment. The current research results, both domestic and abroad, mainly focus on whether FDI produces a cross-border pollution transfer, and whether the developing countries should be the "pollution haven", whose conclusions divide to a certain extent, due to different viewpoints and different object of study. Since China's opening up to the world, there has been some impact of the FDI on China's ecological environment. However, China's desiring of capital concealed its negative impact on the ecological environment. Therefore, the object of study should be laid on how to adapt China to its own economic developmental stage in its evolution and how to meet the needs posed by the turning of strategic objectives. Comprehensively analysis should be made on the impact of FDI on China's economic development and environmental protection, to pursue maximum positive impact. At the same time, presently, the deterioration of the ecological environment is a major issue of global concern and environment issue has become an important factor that influences the political and economic relationships between borders. Environment-related national interests have been deepening and expanding. There is still room to discuss and perfect the systemic design in the issue of how to coordinate the relationship between FDI and environmental protection, in the circumstance that the international relationship of environment has been trending strengthening. Therefore, it is required to keep examining the impact of FDI effect on ecological environment to form a systematic study of FDI's adaption to the reality. It is not only the concern and research perspective, but also beneficial to enrich and expand the influence of the FDI effect. Based on this, the purpose of this paper is to, through the analysis of relations between the foreign direct investment and the quality of the ecological environment of the host country, reveal FDI's ecological environment effect, to provide a helpful reference to exploring the coordinated development of China's ecological environment, tackling cross-border transfer of pollution, and promoting fast development of China.This paper has as its theoretical foundation the FDI's ecological environment effect, concentrating on FDI's impact on China's ecological environment, developing alongside the impact in terms of scale of investment, the structure of investment, examining and uncovering FDI's ecological effect by way of theories, realities and examples, and finally proposing a vision that FDI should be compatible with the ecological environment. Basic ideas are:(1) to clarify the reasons for the effect of the ecological environment that FDI has, providing theoretical basis of the ecological environment for the study of FDI. (2) to explore channels of FDI's ecological environment effect, as well as the rational assumption of the ecological environment and FDI, founding the basis for the empirical research for the ecological environment. (3) to further study from the reality analysis and empirical test of the basic relationship between FDI and the ecological environment. (4) based on the analysis of evidence, to emphasize cross-border environmental problems at the background of global sustainable development and global environment protection, building a mechanism to coordinate FDI and the ecological development, and through a certain system of the treaties, regulating the impact of FDI investment behavior on the ecological environment of the host country, thereby promoting the solution of the global ecological environment. In detail, the major issues and viewpoints of this paper are as follows:1. This paper analyzes and combs FDI's ecological effects from the theoretical level and clarifies the basis of FDI's negative and positive ecological environmental effect. The analysis indicates that because of the difference between the intensity of countries' environmental protection, as well as the environment formed by the comparative advantages of natural resources, it makes countries with relatively lax environmental prone to lead to industrial pollution cross-border transformation and become "pollution haven" or "pollution heaven". At the same time, in the developed countries, where environment protection has been increasingly enhanced, pollution-intensive industries are marginal industries that are firstly used for foreign investment arrangements. "Porter hypothesis" emphasizes that countries and regions with lower environmental standards have ample reasons and room to improve their environmental standards. This paper pointed out that it also results in more serious environment pollution to solely develop depending on the domestic fund, and hence foreign capital has a potential and room to exert its positive ecological and environmental effects.2. This paper discusses the formation mechanism of FDI's ecological and environmental effects, and improves the theoretical basis of the relations between FDI and the ecological environment. After clarifying that FDI produces its effects mainly through its investment scale, structure and technical aspects, the paper defines FDI's ecological environmental scale effects, structure effects and technique effects. It is believed that in a stabilized environment protection and production structure, the increasing of FDI scale will increase the amount of pollution emitted, leaving the effect of ecological environment size negative; The structural changes caused by FDI flows arising may lead to positive and negative effects; with cleaner investment structure or clean production technologies, ecological environment will be improved and the effect of structural and technological effects are greater than the general scale effect. In addition, this paper hypothesizes the relationship between FDI and the ecological environment in various relational ways, providing basis for the analysis of the relationship between the two.3. This paper makes an actual analysis of FDI's ecological and environmental effects. Through the analysis of the actual situation about China's use of FDI, this paper discusses the impact of FDI's scale and structure on China's ecological environment from different aspects of subjects of investment, regional distribution, etc. This paper reveals the effects and the impacts of FDI's scale and structure effects on China's ecological environment in different periods. The impacts of different subjects of investment, such as the U.S.,Japan,Europe,China's Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan, on China's ecological environment are compared to show that China's Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan have more impacts than the rest. Based on the definition of pollution-intensive industries, analysis on FDI's environmental effects is highlighted, which reflects that FDI has a preference in China's industrial sectors and the pollution-intensive sectors. Based on the division of East, Middle and West China, analysis is made on the impacts of FDIs of different regions, showing that FDI mainly concentrates in the East, and that FDI's ecological and environmental effects manifests a rising trend from West China to East China. At the same time, by analyzing the ecological environment effect caused by FDI foreign trade, it is also reflected that the characteristics that FDI's structure has been turning from labor-intensive, low value-added industries to higher industrial structure, and that the impacts on China's ecological environment is shown according to the scale and structure of export and export of the foreign-invested enterprises.4. The empirical analysis of the relationship between FDI and the ecological environment. At the beginning, it tests the causality between FDI and the ecological environment. On the one hand, it verifies the cause-effect relationship between national FDI and industrial waste water, waste gas, solid waste, dust pollution index; on the other hand, it verifies the cause-effect relationship between regional FDI of the east, middle and west of China and industrial waste water emissions, solid waste, dust pollution index. The causality between FDI and the ecological environment shows that, both nationally and regionally, the impact of FDI is one of the causes that affect the ecological environment, but the FDI impact on the ecological environment has an obvious regional characteristic. Then, it verifies the trendy relationship between FDI and ecological environment. On the one hand, it verifies the trendy relationship between national FDI and industrial waste water, waste gas, solid waste, dust pollution index; one the other hand, it verifies the trendy relationship between regional FDI of the east, middle and west of China and industrial waste water emissions, solid waste, and dust pollution index. According to the trendy relations between FDI and the ecological environment and its regional comparative analysis, nationally and regionally, the trendy relations between FDI and the analysis of the four indicators inclusively show a "U" features, and each of the pollution index and the "U" the turning point conform relatively to China's industrial structural adjustment. Recent relationship between FDI and the ecological environment is still relatively clearly manifested as that FDI has been exacerbating China's pollution index.5. The analysis on the factor of FDI's impact on the ecological environment. This paper selects the indicators of analysis based on the ecological environmental factors affect by FDI. In other words, it selected foreign direct investment respectively to reflect the scale effect of FDI; Using the proportion of FDI in the total fixed assets investment, it reflects FDI's technique effect; it uses capital productivity to indicate production mode; it uses industry added value proportion in gross domestic product to reflect industry structural changes; it uses the ratio of discharge of pollutants to the industry added value to reflect the degree of environmental protection and environmental technology standards. On the basis of reflecting the ecological environment scale effect caused by FDI, it uses index system analysis of the factors technical effects and structural effect to determine influencing factors on the industrial wastewater, waste gas, solid waste, and dust emissions from the effects of changes in the direction and extent, as well as the exact change of index that causes pollution.6. Building a mechanism that coordinates the development of FDI and the ecological environment. Firstly, it regards China's sustainable development, the resolution of transnational environmental problems as practical background to guide FDI and the ecological to coordinate with each other. This paper analyzes the international environmental issues and environmental problems of transnational trends and discusses the domestic and international situations China faces in such a context. It clarifies the significance, necessity and feasibility to put the mechanism issue under such a background. Based on this, it proposes the establishment of coordinated development of the ecological environment. On the one hand, it is fundamental to improve the international regulation of transnational environment, to strengthen the international direct investment, and multinational companies cross-border environmental management, form and improve related systems that constrains FDI investment behaviors to produce negative effects. On the other hand, China's ecological modernization is regarded as the conditions that push FDI to coordinate with ecological environment. The conditions for China's ecological modernization construction is expounded in terms of the establishment and improvement of China's sustainability, the establishment and popularization of clean production mechanism and environmental quality management system, the founding of recyclable economic society, and guiding FDI to exert positive effects to attract investment, etc.The major innovations or the expansions of the research are:through regional comparison between FDI and the ecological environment, the paper concludes that FDI has the different impact on different regions and different industries, and that the curve relationship between FDI and ecological environment has an obvious industry structure characteristic. An empirical analysis establishes an indicator system that reflects elements that influence the ecological environment. Using the index factors affecting to decompose the factors that influence the ecological environment, the paper makes a quantitative analysis on the degree of changes of the environmental pollution, and the direction of changes and the results of changes. The paper reaches the conclusion that the scale of FDI has the same effect on China's industrial pollution changes, and that FDI technique effects have reverse impact on industrial pollution changes. At the same time, this paper includes five aspects of the envisaged framework that discuss the coordination mechanisms of the relationship between FDI and the ecological environment.This paper shows that in the future, China's attitude toward the use of foreign capital must not be blindness. It is necessary to consider the environment problems that foreign investments bring in, to make the introduction and utilization of FDI compatible to the requirement of raising China's ecological quality, to limit the scale and structure of FDI to the extent that can resolve the central problem of scarcity of ecological environment elements, to improve China's ability of sustainability, to establish recycling economic society, and to make FDI in China a major force in building an environment-friendly society.
|
PDF Full Text Request