A Comparative Study Of Modern Agriculture In France, Japan, And The United States

Modern agriculture is the basic objective of agricultural development in all countries. Since World Warâ…¡, modern agriculture in developed countries has achieved great success because of the industrialization process, for instance, Europe, the United States and Japan have completed the transition from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture by the early 1970s.This dissertation attempts to summarize the common characteristics and different features of modern agriculture in the above three countries by analyzing their respective development course, development model, management system, legislative support, policy support, cooperative organizations and the ways of realization, thus to reveal the general rules of the development of modern agriculture, and put forward a new notion for agricultural modernization in Chinese context. The main contents include:The first chapter is introduction. It introduces the purpose and significance of this paper, and focuses primarily on traditional agriculture, modern agriculture, the concept, connotation, characteristics of agricultural modernization, and the study and research in this field home and abroad. Besides, it describes the major content of this paper, including the perspective of this study, the theoretical basis, research methods, and the structure arrangement.The second chapter is mainly a theoretical summary. Firstly, this part explains the veins of agricultural development, including the ancient, contemporary and modern agricultural thoughts of modern agriculture in western countries. Secondly, it combs the theories of modern agricultural development, mainly Schulz theory of modern agriculture, upgrade and transformation theory of agricultural industry, agricultural sustainable development theory and path choice theory of agricultural modernization. At last, the Marxist ideology of modern agricultural development is illustrated.The third chapter reviews the different development processes of the modern agriculture in Japan, the U. S. and France, indicating the fact that the differentiation in history, culture, and natural conditions would have a great influence on agricultural development. This is carried out in detail in the paper. The fourth chapter makes a comparative analysis of the modern agricultural development models of Japan, America and France. Japan, the United States and France, as three typical representatives of modern agricultural development, have selected the most suitable development models according to their own conditions in the aspects of population, natural resources and comprehensive strength, which can be classified into three categories:First, "One Village One Product" Model with Japan as the representative; Second, Scalization, Mechanization and High-Input Model with the United States as the representative; Third, the Combination Model of Intensive Production and Mechanization with France as the representative.The fifth chapter makes a comparative study of the government support of modem agriculture in Japan, the United States and France. Firstly, it analyzes the legislative management. Japan, the United States and France have carried out a relatively comprehensive legislation in the process of agricultural modernization, and the legal system is comparatively complete, providing the support and protection for the effective implementation of modern agricultural policy and the realization of modern agriculture. The paper analyzes their agricultural management organizations, and concludes that the administrative and economic intervention of Japanese government on agricultural production is larger. Finally, it analyzes the policy support for modern agriculture. Although there are some differences among the agriculture policies of Japan, the U. S. and France, in general they have exercised a greater influence. Their modern agricultural policies cover various aspects, including agricultural credit-support policy, agricultural insurance-support policy, agricultural tax-support policy, agricultural input-support policy, agricultural price-support policy, agricultural and trade support policy and so on.The sixth chapter makes a comparative study of the modern agricultural cooperative organizations. Because Japan belongs to small-scale agriculture model, the strengthening of farmer organizations for improving the efficiency of agricultural production is particularly important. With the great support from the government, Japanese agricultural cooperative and joint use organizations, group planting organizations, entrusted organizations as well as co-operators organizations have made an indelible contribution to the realization of agricultural modernization in Japan. The U.S. belongs to large-scale production model, interest groups play an important role in safeguarding the interests of agricultural production and management. French agricultural cooperative organizations are mainly based on the common needs of the market and jointly set up spontaneously. French farmers associations, agricultural federation of trade unions and other modern agricultural cooperative organizations are indispensible to protect the interests of farmers, to promote the development of modern agriculture in France.The seventh chapter makes a comparative study of the ways of realization of agricultural modernization in Japan, the United States, and France. Japan, the United States and France have insisted on the equal importance of the technology application, mechanization, professionalization and information technology application. Firstly, in the technological aspect of modern agriculture, the modern development system with the combination of agricultural education, teaching, research and development and promotion is a guarantee of modern agriculture. For example, the biotechnology-led agricultural technology has been widely used in Japan, America and France; chemicals in agricultural production have become increasingly popular. In the professional aspects of modern agriculture, Japan, the United States and France have put mechanization into practice in the field of farming and animal husbandry. The improvement of regional specialization leads the farms to expand continuously. Finally, the adaption of modern information technology in modern agriculture is mainly reflected in the operation and management of agricultural production, agricultural computer network, information collection and processing.The eighth chapter describes the enlightenment of the Japanese, American and French agricultural modernization for China. Firstly, it gives suggestions in the aspects of China's modern agricultural development and the obstacles, the strengthening of modern agricultural development policy support, and the strengthening of agricultural infrastructure and resource-support capacity. This part specifically stresses the strengthening of modern agriculture-related legislation, the expansion of direct subsidies in agriculture, the enforcement of rural infrastructure, the promotion of China's agricultural areas of specialization and job specialization, the coordination of agriculture, industry, and service sector, the strengthening of the development of rural professionals Cooperation, the strengthening of regional and rural financial ability, the strengthening of the rational flow of rural surplus labor. the promotion of agricultural science and technology innovation, and the increasing of the farmers' income.