| Spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC. Also referred to as parametric fluorescence or parametric scattering) is an important process in quantum optics, used especially as a source of entangled photon pairs, and of single photons. A high-frequency photon produces two low-frequency photons though Spontaneous parametric down-conversion process in phase matching conditions, two low-frequency photons have highly relation nature in space and time by second-order non-linear effect of nonlinear crystal. Spontaneous parametric down conversion process is considered to be one of the most effective way to generate highly correlated photons, single photon source has very important applications in the fundamental research of quantum optics, quantum computation, quantum measurement and quantum communications.SPDC is also the initiating process in optical parametric oscillators, as it generates the seed photons from which the coherent output builds up via parametric amplication. Optical parametric oscillation cavity based on optical parametric technology rapidly developed, especially optical parameter oscillation cavity with pulse laser, pulse width from ns to ps, even to fs, spectral range from the near ultraviolet to the infrared, can make up for many shortcomings of the laser. The advantages of optical parametric oscillator can be applied in many researches and has good prospects for development and applications in basic research and related fields.The main works of this thesis for the following contents.1. Heralded single-photon source generated by spontaneous parametric down conversion, obtained the relation of the wave-particle duality and quantum uncertainty in the pure state and mixed state of single photon in Mach-Zenhder interferometer. Be in accordance with the experimental results and theoretical analysis, analyzed the changes in the relationship between wave and particle. 2. Introduced two new operators of high-order visibility and distinguishability, two-photon source by spontaneous parametric down-conversion, gave a research of first and second order duality relationship of two-photon based on Mach-Zenhder interferometer, can be deepen understanding of the duality relations.3. Introduced to synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator pumped by sapphire mode-locked laser, type-Ⅰ collinear crystal in oscillation cavity, generated the same of signal light and idle light, generated femtosecond pulse intensity squeezing light with the PDH technology and self-homodyne systems, the result is basically consistent with the theoretical analysis.4. Introduced phase of local oscillation light and synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator, generated femtosecond pulse quadrature phase squeezed light with PDH technology and balanced homodyne system.The innovative works as follows:1. Heralded single-photon source generated by spontaneous parametric down conversion, obtained the relation of wave-particle duality and quantum uncertainty of single photon.2. Two-photon source generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion to, obtained high-order wave-particle duality relations.3. Using Ti:sapphire mode-locked laser system, builded a synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator, obtained a bright intensity squeezing light.4. Introducted the phase information between local light and synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator, obtained femtosecond pulse quadrature phase squeezing light based on balanced homodyne system. |
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