| The Eastern Asia continental margin in the Late Cretaceous is a part of the Andean active continental margin, Northeast China develops a typical feature of regional intra-continental extrusion deformation. The Great Sanjiang basin in the east of Heilongjiang Province, became a typical residual basin, including several isolated remnant basins, such as Sanjiang, Boli, Jixi, Hulin, etc. To the west, the extrusion effect of Songliao Basin weakens, which widely develops the phenomenon of compressive fold and thrusting deformation. The previous study on the single basin in NE China with respect to structural deformation sequence, prototype basin, depositional filling process and its dynamic mechanism and so on has conducted a thorough work and achieved remarkable progress. This paper is devoted to the systematic research on the connection and difference of Late Cretaceous tectonic inversion response process between different basins. Started with the previous research achievements, selecting Songliao Basin and Great Sanjiang Basin as a window, guided by modern structural geology and sedimentological theory, supported by sedimentary basin dynamical, sequence stratigraphic and structure-stratigraphic methods, the tectonic deformation characteristics and spatial configuration characteristics of sedimentary system in the Late Cretaceous tectonic inversion stage are studied in this paper; By integrated using fission track method, acoustic time difference method and vitrinite radiation rate method, the denudation quantity of the important unconformity interface in the basins’tectonic inversion stage are quantitatively recovered; By adopting the technology of detrital zircon chronology, combined with seismic profile interpretation and sedimentary system drawing, the source system transformation process of basins in Late Cretaceous are determined; Based on the contrast research between Songliao basin and the Great Sanjiang basin concerning the tectonic and sedimentary characteristics in the unified structural-stratigraphic framework, and combined with the tectonic attribute of East Asia continental margin in the Late Cretaceous, the geological relationships of the two basins during the Late Cretaceous tectonic inversion stage are revealed; Learning from the former classical models of retroarc foreland system, including the depositional filling and dynamic evolution model, the unified tectonic-sedimentary dynamic evolution process of the Songliao Basin and Great Sanjiang Basin in the Late Cretaceous tectonic inversion is established, so the achievement plays an important role in oil-gas exploration and development. The main results of this paper are as follows:1. Based on the field geological investigation and basin seismic profile interpretation research, the tectonic deformation sequence of Songliao Basin and Great Sanjiang Basin is established, and the tectonic style in tectonic inversion stage is identified and classified.The field geological investigation has revealed that Denglouku and Quantou Formation of the southeastern margin of Songliao Basin has been involved into the compressive thrust tectonic deformation, and the main tectonic deformation traces consist of the large single-break thrust faults, imbricate thrust faults and fault related folds. The tectonic style during tectonic inversion stage in Songliao Basin is mainly superimposed positive inversion structure. According to the inversion strength of normal fault and whether the syn-rift sequences involved into the extrusion deformation, the positive inversion structure patterns is divided into fault-reactivated and cover-folded inversions. The fault-reactivated positive inversion structure can be further divided into three sub-types, which are the lower and upper normal slip, the lower normal slip-upper reverse slip and the lower and upper reverse slip. The field geological investigation has revealed that the main tectonic deformation traces in Great Sanjiang Basin in the Late Cretaceous are mega-thrust fault, and manifests that the basin basement or the Early Cretaceous strata thrusts onto the Late Cretaceous Houshigou Formation. Based on the accurate seismic profile interpretation, the tectonic style in the Great Sanjiang basin is mainly non-superimposed compressional and compressive-shear structure styles during tectonic inversion stage, and is characterized by fold-thrust structure. The mainly strike of thrust fault system are NE and NNE with nearly EW to second in the Late Cretaceous. The compressional structure are including listric single-breaking thrust, imbricate thrust structure, pop up and thrust triangle and thrust tectonic wedge, etc.2. Based on the qualitative analysis of the development characteristics of tectonic inversion unconformity interface using stratigraphic trend method, and combining the mudstone acoustic time, vitrinite reflectance and apatite fission track method, the denudation amount of multiple tectonic inversion unconformity interface is quantitative restored. Finally, the change rule is analyzed.Based on the seismic profile interpretation, A series of unconformity interface are identified, in the late cretaceous strata in Songliao Basin, which are mainly T11, T04, T03-1, T03, K2ml, K2m2and T02. The denudation recovery of the key interface T11, T04, T03and T02indicates that the denudation area of the unconformity interface T11mainly located in the southeast uplift and western slope of this basin, and the denudation amount of the unconformity interface T11is small in relative, the maximum value is about200m. The denudation area of the unconformity interface T04lies in southeast uplift and northern slope, and the denudation amount is larger than T11. As for the unconformity interface T03, the denudated scope is further expansion, and erosion amount continues to increase with eastern and northern sustained uplift, when some areas of Daqing Placanticline begin to uplift and denudation. The unconformity interface T02presents the overall uplift and denudation, the minimum denuded amount can reach750m. In conclusion, the erosion intensity of the unconformity interface weakens from east to west and strengthens from earlier to later phase, and the denudation scope expands from earlier to later phase in Songliao basin.The field geological survey reveals that the strata contact relations between Houshigou Formation in late Cretaceous and the underlying strata present an obvious angle unconformity contact. Similarly, and seismic profile interpretation shows that the Late Cretaceous strata and the underlying Early Cretaceous strata have unconformity contact, which is also angular unconformity. The drilling and logging data in Great Sanjiang Basin suggests that the denudation between Lower Cretaceous and the overlying Upper Cretaceous or Cenozoic strata is regional, and the Houshigou and Hailang Formation of Upper Cretaceous are mostly eroded away in borehole, the Lower Cretaceous directly contact with the Tertiary.3. Using the advanced technology of detrital zircon chronology, the provenance system transformation process in Songliao Basin and Great Sanjiang Basin before and after the Late Cretaceous tectonic inversion is determined quantitatively.Based on the present test results of detrital zircon geochronology from Songliao basin and Great Sanjiang Basin, the provenance characteristics of the basins’tectonic evolution process are analyzed comprehensively. The test analysis results indicate that the provenance of sedimentary period of Denglouku Formation of the Songliao basin mainly comes from the eastern Zhangguangcailing and Jiamusi Block, few from North China Craton. In the sedimentary period of Quantou Formation, Daxinganling provides the provenance for the north of the basin, while the provenance in the south of the basin contains a lot of information from North China Craton besides from Daxinganling. In the sedimentary period of the first member of Yaojia Formation, the main provenance of the basin comes from the western Daxinganling. In the sedimentary period of the first member of Neijiang Formation, the provenance begins to appear from the eastern Zhangguangcailing. In the sedimentary period of the third member of Neijiang Formation, the eastern Zhangguangcailing provenance information is significantly enhanced, meanwhile the North China Craton provenance information begins to appear. In the sedimentary period of the forth member of Neijiang Formation, the main provenance comes from the east of the basin, including Zhangguangcailing, Jiamusi Block and the North China Craton. Thus, the provenance of Songliao Basin begins to suddenly changed from Nenjiang Formation, which is that the western Daxinganling provenance disappears and the eastern provenance including Zhangguangcailing, Jiamusi Block and North China Craton, begins to appear with gradually strengthening trend.In the sedimentary periods of Chengzihe and Muling Formation in the Early Cretaceous, the sedimentary in the Great Sanjiang basin contains a lot of the provenance information from the western Zhangguangcailing. In the sedimentary periods of Houshigou, Hailang and Yanwo Formation in the Late Cretaceous, the provenance of the basin comes mainly from Jiamusi Block of the basement.4. Based on the outcrop, drilling, core and logging data, the type of sediment facies in Songliao Basin and Great Sanjiang Basin are determined, and spatial configuration characteristics of sedimentary system in the Late Cretaceous are analyzed.From Quantou Formation to the third member of Nenjiang Formation in the Late Cretaceous, Songliao Basin mainly presented delta-lacustrine depositional system. The basin begins to deposit the fluvial facies. With the basin gradually shrinked, the basin mainly develops fluvial facies during the sedimentary period of Sifangtai to MingShui Formation.Spatial configuration of depositional system in Songliao Basin is that the sedimentary center and catchment center is located at the Midwest of the basin, and depositional system gives priority to delta plain with lacustrine hardly developed during the sedimentary periods of Quantou Formation. In the sedimentary period of the first member of Qingshankou Formation, the sedimentary center moves to the eastern of the basin, when the basin occurrs transgression at the first time with lacustrine occupying most of the sedimentary basin. During the sedimentary period of the second and third member of Qingshankou Formation, the sedimentary range of lacustrine facies shrinks significantly with sedimentary center continuelly located at the eastern part of the basin. The sedimentary range of the first member of Yaojia Formation turns narrowed considerably and the basin edges are subjected to uplift and erosion. During the sedimentary period of the second and third member of Yaojia Formation, the scope of the basin begins to expand and the lacustrine sedimentary range also significantly increases. During the sedimentary period of the first member of Nenjiang Formation, the majority of the basin is covered by lacustrine sedimentary and the delta only develops in the north of the basin. In the early time of the second member of Nenjing Formation, the basin occurrs second wide range transgression, and the whole basin is almost lacustrine deposits. In the late time of the second member of Nenjing Formation, high-angle prograding delta occupies most of the basin with the Midwest of the basin covered by lacustrine facies. During the sedimentary period of the third member of Nenjiang Formation, delta continues to migrate to the west and the lacustrine facies distributes limitedly. During the period of the forth to the fifth member of Nenjaing Formation, the basin fills with fluvial-deltaic-lacustrine facies from East to West. During the deposition time of Sifangtai to Mingshui Formation, the basin shrinks overall and is almost only filled with fluvial facies.The field geological investigation in Great Sanjiang basin reveals that the alluvial fan-fluvial facies distributit extensively and the delta-lacustrine facies is relatively limited in the Late Cretaceous. The spatial configuration of depositional system is characterized by the delta-lacustrine sediments in the Early Cretaceous and the coarse clastic alluvial-fluvial deposits which composition and structure is highly immature in the Late Cretaceous.5. Based on the comparative study on structural and sedimentary characteristics of Songliao Basin and Great Sanjiang Basin and Combined with the structural properties of Andean active continental margin of the Eastern Asia continental margin in the Late Cretaceous, we believe that the tectonic inversion stage in the Late Cretaceous develops the retroarc foreland system in northeast China, while Songliao Basin and Great Sanjiang Basin respectively belong to different tectonic units of the retroarc foreland system. Based on the above understanding and the classic developmental pattern of retroarc foreland system established by predecessors, the paper analyses the dynamic process of the uniform tectonic-sedimentary evolution of Songliao Basin and Great Sanjiang Basin during the Late Cretaceous tectonic inversion stage.Summarizing the existing data, including the paleontological fossil assemblage sequence and magnetic strata, isotope dating etc, we establish the comparable stratigraphic framework between Songliao Basin and Great Sanjiang Basin, as a basis for the comparative study of the structural and sedimentary features of Songliao Basin and Great Sanjiang Basin in the Late Cretaceous tectonic inversion stage. Combined with structural properties of the Anden type continental margin of Eastern Asia in the Late Cretaceous, we propose that the huge retroarc foreland system is likely to develop in the northeast China in the Late Cretaceous. We consider that Great Sanjiang Basin is located at wedge top and belongs to the piggyback basin, while the property of Songliao Basin is a part of the foredeep.Based on the theories of retroarc foreland system, combining with the tectonic-sedimentary features of Songliao Basin and Great Sanjiang Basin, we set up the unified dynamic tectonic-sedimentation evolution model of Songliao Basin and Great Sanjiang Basin in the tecotonic inversion stage of Late Cretaceous. As the migrated of the eastern marginal orogenic belt to intra-continent, Great Sanjiang Basin is closely to the orogenic belt and is involved into the fold thrust belt in the late Early Cretaceous. The unified large depression basin in the Early Cretaceous is transformed into a series of the Late Cretaceous isolated basins which are limited by the thrust faults. Late cretaceous strata distributes sporadically in Great Sanjiang Basin, and the sedimentary filling of the Early Cretaceous delta-lacustrine depositional system is evolved into the near-provenance coarse clastic alluvial system which mainly consists of alluvial fan and fluvial facie; The tectonic inversion stage of Songliao Basin begins at the end of the sedimentary period of the Qingshankou Formation, with widely developed the continental red paleosol layer in the basin. With the extrusion further strengthening, the compressional uplifting of the east of the Songliao Basin results in the eastern provenance into the basin in the sedimentary period of the Nenjiang Formation, and the basin comes into the evolution stage of retroarc foreland basin. In the sedimentary period of the first member of Nenjiang Formation, the Songliao baisn begins to the widely range transgression with the western, southeastern and eastern parts of the basin declined to below the level of the lake, and the whole basin is mostly filled with lacustrine facies. Meanwhile, the northern part of the basin uplifts and erodes and the basin provenance mostly comes from the sedimentary recycle of the Qingshankou Formation and a few from the northern Zhangguangcailing. The transgression reaches to the maximum, and the lacustrine deposit covers the whole basin during the early stage of the second member of Nenjing Formation. The migration of the fold-thrust belt results in the supply of the eastern provenance gradually increasing, while the basin is lack of the Daxinganling provenance because of the dynamic subsidence of the western forebulge region greater than the flexural uplift. During the sedimentary period of the third member of Nenjing Formation, the influence of the eastern provenance almost expands to the whole Basin with further westward migration of the fold-thrust belt. The underlying Strata of the eastern basin suffers strong erosion and the unconformity interface T04develops following the sharply westward migration of the fold-thrust belt during the sedimentary period of the forth member of Nenjing Formation, when the basin begins to fill the fluvial deposit and shows up as the fluvial-delta-lacustrine sedimentary system. Following the further compressional uplifting in the eastern and northern of the basin during the sedimentary period of the fifth member of Nenjing Formation, the sedimentary scope of the basin declines dramatically and then develops the unconformity interface T03. During the deposition time of Sifangtai to Mingshui Formation, the westward migration of the fold-thrust belt results in the overall uplift and lacks of sedimentary in the Great Sanjiang basin, when Daqing Placantieline begins to uplift and erode gradually with almost only filled with fluvial deposition in the Songliao basin. In the late Late Cretaceous, the cessation of dynamic loading at the end of the foreland cycle causes long-wavelength lithospheric rebound, and then the regional angular unconformity interface T02takes place. |
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