Study On The Eco-space In The Three Gorges Reservoir Region Based On GIS

The main object of the ecological research is the relationship bwtween organismsand related surroundings (including the abiotic environment and biotic environment).The relationship may be affected by changes in demography and environmental factors,which often occurs over a large spatio-temporal scale. For a long time, traditionalecological research is mainly based on observation and experiment samples analysis.We are live in a world of space, sothe ecological role of spatial factors is considered tobe a very important factor. Geographic Information System (GIS) provides an effectivetheory and spatial analysis method for ecological space research. How to build ascientific theory of ecological space, and how to explore the region’s ecological spatialpattern and dynamic process, the establishment of a systematic quantitative researchmethodsand then carrying out space research on eco-regional scale are the majorresearch areas of modern ecology and future macro-ecology subject. With the fullintegration of "the basic theory of ecology,""Space Theory" and "GIS spatial analysis",we put forward the basic theory and quantitative research methods and carried outresearch in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area e present paper is divided into eightchapters. In the Chapter1and2, we focus on the theoretical research of general ecologyand GIS spatial anylysis. The middle five chapters are specific case studies. The lastchapter is the conclusion. The main achievements of the study are:1. Discuss the theoretical basis of ecological Spatial Analysis and GIS technologymethods, including ecological space conceptual framework, the basic principles ofeco-space theory. Ecological space is based on GIS analysis methods, ecological spatialpattern, dynamic, ecological space control and ecological space planning, theconstruction of ecological theory system of space-based GIS technology, theestablishment of a theoretical and methodological guidance for empirical research.2. Based on GIS spatial analysis techniques, the spatial pattern and dynamic of theecosystem are analysis in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. In additional, spatialvariation of ecological sensitivity and ecosystem services are analysis. The result showsthat ecosystems in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area show quite different spatial patterns,especially in forests and farmlands. During the2000-2010, farmlands were converted toforests, wetlands and artificial surface area. The artificial surface area showed sustainedand rapid growth in Metropolitan area, the Three Gorges hinterland and the west low mountains areas, the ecological landscape of forest, grassland, and farmland showedfluctuation. Meanwhile, the artificial surface showed significantly decreased, with atypical transition from urban to rural characteristics. Ecological sensitive area is mainlyconcentrated in the Northeast and Southeast, which is caused by the main habitat andsoil erosion. Functional importance of ecosystem services in the Three GorgesReservoir can be classified highly critical and very important, the result shows that onthe importance of ecosystem services in the east area higher than the west, the veryimportant areas are distributed along the Yangtze River, Wujiang River, Xiaojiang riveror are distributed in cluster at higher elevations(such as the Daba mountain, Xuebaomountain), which play an important role in the maintenance of biodiversity, soilconservation and water conservation.3. Combined with the natural environmental features of the Three GorgesReservoir area and under the supported by GIS, a comprehensive analysis of theecological environment and spatial distribution pattern of industrial layout was carriedout, the Three Gorges Reservoir area is divided into four major ecological functionareas: ecological regulatory region in metropolitan, Ecological economic developmentarea in the low mountain.4. The sensitive ecological zones of water quality protection, as well as wetlandecological recreational area in the riparian and drawdown zone. Delineated usingecological red implementation of ecological space control in the Three GorgesReservoir Area. Designate different levels, divided into a control area and two controlzones, mainly by nature reserves, forest parks, scenic areas, geological parks, wetland,drinking water source protection areas and ecological sensitivity evaluation of verysensitive and highly sensitive, as well as the importance of ecosystem services evaluatedin a very important and constitute a highly important area. The Three Gorges Reservoirarea and the secondary level control area were6087.83km2and8336.33km2respectively. In the evaluation of ecological sensitivity, basic ecosystem servicesevaluation and ecological importance of the red zone delineated for the Three GorgesReservoir led biodiversity conservation, water conservation and soil conservationfunction, to build a comprehensive ecological security pattern. Ecological security zone,an area of21076.48km2, accounted for45.64percent of the entire land area; the primaryand secondary ecological security zone of considerable ecological security, with11695.89km2and13405.92km2, accounted for25.33%and29.03%, respectively.5. The Three Gorges reservoir area is located in the second stage of our terrain phase transition to the third stage ladder leading edge, natural ecological characteristicof this area is intersection features from low mountains to the plainsRegionalheterogeneity of this area is obviousk, creating a rich and diverse ecosystem type andthe high diversity of the species. According to the natural environment, biodiversitycharacteristics, protection and utilization of direction, we identified five key areas forbiodiversity conservation in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (south of evergreenbroad-leaved Daba mountain-a key area of deciduous forest biological diversityFangdou mountain-Qiyao mountain evergreen broadleaf forest, Simian mountainevergreen broadleaf forest biodiversity key areas and "Four Mountains" key area ofbiological diversity). Based on the key area of biological diversity and importantecological function zones and on typical "matrix-patch-corridor" network-basedspatial patterns, we built the Three Gorges Reservoir to the "ring, wedge, gallery, park,forest," which is characterized by the ecological network layout framework construct a"vertical communication, scale, circle integration" ecological space system. We usedpatial clustering method with25constructed indicators to carry out ecological economicspace partition of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. This area could be divided into fiveeconomic zones, as well as seven eco-economic sub-regions.