The Study Of Gluon Saturation Via Dihadron Correlations At A Future Electron-ion Collider

Nuclear physics is greatly concerned with the emergence of the nucleus and the nucle-ons within it, accounting essentially for the visible mass of our most immediate universe. Studies over the past half century have revealed that the nucleons are consisted of quarks in a bounded state through an interaction via the exchange of gluons. The quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is founded to describe and improve our understanding to this interaction based on the leapfrogging development in related experimental and theoret-ical fields. It is the ultimate goal of nuclear physics to understand the nuclear structure from the dynamics of quarks and gluons within QCD framework.The interaction in QCD is attributed to the color charge of the quarks and gluons. While gluons are force carrier, they carry the color charge of strong interaction them-selves. Due to this unique feature, gluon contribution is expected to be strong in the formation of nucleon structure. The inner structure of a nucleon can be explored by smashing it into smaller pieces. The scattering over a nucleon can be interpreted as the incoherent superposition of scatterings on the fundamental constituent quarks and gluons, leading us to a universal parton distribution function (PDF) describing the den-sities for quarks and gluons in a nucleon. Although past experiments were successful in determining the quark behavior in the nucleon and light nuclei, the behavior of gluons that determine the essential features of the strong interactions, remain largely unex-plored. Of great interest is especially the high parton density (small x) regime where gluon self-interaction is expected to dominate and lead to parton saturation.The current theoretical impulses suggest that this saturation effect may come from the nonlinear evolution for gluons. There have been some intriguing hints for the existence of gluon saturation in the current experimental searches, while no conclusive evidence is obtained. The proposed electron-ion collider (EIC) with the possibility to collide electron with a variety of nuclear beams in a wide energy range is believed to be an ideal experimental facility to provide us answers in a very high precision to the search of parton saturation. Two-particle azimuthal angle correlations have been reckoned to be one of the most direct and sensitive probes to access the underlying gluon dynamics on the future EIC. In this thesis, we will report our Monte Carlo studies targeted to understand the feasibility of performing this dihadron correlation measurement on an EIC. Additionally, a possible way to constrain the underlying electron-nucleus collision geometry has been discussed. This method if achieved can be very beneficial to precisely characterize gluon saturation through the dihadron correlation measurement. We have shown that it is very promising to carry out this study at the future EIC experimental facility.