Research On The Electromagnetic Properties Of Plasma Photonic Crystals

Since the concept of plasma photonic crystals(PPCs) was proposed in 2004, the theoretical and applied research related to PPCs become new focuses. In the nature, the plasma can be looked as a kind of metamaterial, whose physical features not only can be manipulated by many external parameters, but also plasma frequency can cover the whole microwave frequency region. This makes the microwave devices based on the PPCs can meet with the requirements in the modern communication system, such as tunable properties, reconfiguration, low loss and fast response. In order to reach those goals, how to correctly and efficiently simulate and calculate the physical parameters of PPCs in the theory, as well as understanding and grasping the electromagnetic properties of PPCs have become unavoidable problems. The reach works of this dissertation are carried out around those problems, which include three parts: algorithm research, theoretical research and device design. The conventional algorithms of photonic crystals are improved, and the improved algorithms can be used to calculate PPCs easily. Some design methods of omnidirectional reflector based on one-dimensional(1D) PPCs are proposed, and the properties of defect modes for 2D PPCs also are investigated. The new design idea for improving the characteristics of complete photonic band gaps(CPBGs) are given, and the new design method for omnidirectional reflector based on 2D PPCs also are explored. The properties of all-angle negative refraction(AANR) for 2D PPCs are investigated, and one new type of 2D PPCs are proposed, and the dispersion characteristics of those PPCs also are analyzed. The the electromagnetic properties of 3D PPCs are investigated, and the techniques for photonic band gaps(PBGs) enlarged of 3D PPCs are explored. The dispersion characteristics of extraordinary and left-hand circularly polarized(RCP) waves are analyzed and discussed as the magneto-optical Voigt and Faraday effects are considered, respectively, and we also try to design the optical switching by the 3D PPCs with ternary core-shell structures, and the properties of surface plasmon modes also are investigated.The research results and the main innovation of this dissertation involves the following aspects:1. The correct formulas for PWE method to calculate the 2D PPCs under TE mode are proposed. The improved PWE method based on the grid and shooting techniques are also proposed, which can compute the PPCs whose the shapes of the fillers are arbitrary. The formulas for FDFD method to calculate the PPCs are given by the linear technology. The multi-point excitation and supercell techniques are used to overcome the shortcomings, which appear in the processes of FDTD method to calculate the PPCs.2. Some design methods of omnidirectional reflector based on one-dimensional(1D) PPCs are proposed. Using splicing technology can not only avoid the Brewster window, and can obtain a larger omnidirectional photonic band gap(OBG). The OBG can be enlarged and CPBGs can be improved in the small incident angle range as the match layer technique is used. The bandwidths of OBG also can be easily enhanced by the graded periodic and Thue–Morse quasi-periodic structures, and the facts of those techniques are that the OBG are enlarged by breaking the symmetry of 1D PPCs. The properties of OBGs for 1D PPCs also can be improved by the ternary Fibonacci and a new modified Fibonacci structures. Compared to the conventional 1D ternary PPC, the OBGs can be enlarged obviously as the 1D PPCs with those two topical structures. This can be explained that the multiple lattice nesting techniques is more conducive to break the periodicity of 1D PPCs to improve the properties of OBG.3. The characteristics of line and point defect modes of 2D PPCs under TM mode are investigated, and the results demonstrated that the defect modes can be tuned by the parameters of plasma. Two kinds of 2D PPCs are formed by the periodic external magnetic field, which are complementary structure to each other, and the dispersion properties of those 2D PPCs are investigated. The most important feature of those 2D PPCs are formed only by the plasma and exclude other dielectric. The PBGs properties of 2D PPCs with Archimedean lattices are explored, and we also compare the PBGs for the 2D conventional square lattice PPCs with those for the two kinds of complementary structure 2D PPCs with Archimedean lattices. The characteristics of AANR of such two complementary structures also are discussed, and the computed results show that not only the lager OBG but also the more numbers of OBGs can be observed in the 2D PPCs with Archimedean lattices, and the tunable AANR also can be obtained in certain frequency regions. A new shape of filler is proposed to improved the properties of CPBGs of 2D PPCs, and the relationships between the CPBGs and parameters of PPCs also are discussed. Finally, the properties of OBG for the 2D PCCs are analyzed as the electromagnetic wave is oblique incidence, and the effects of introducing anisotropic material on the OBG of 2D PPCs also are investigated.4. We firstly investigate the electromagnetic properties of 3D PPCs, and the properties of PBGs and flatbands regions for 3D PPCs with simple-cubic(sc) and diamond lattices are discussed. Compared to the sc lattices, the larger PBGs can be more easily obtained in the 3D diamond lattices PPCs since the symmetry of diamond lattice is poor. The flatbands can be observed since the existence of surface plasmon modes. The dispersion characteristic of extraordinary and RCP waves in the 3D magnetized plasma photonic crystals(MPPCs) are further investigated as the magneto-optical Voigt and Faraday effects are considered, respectively. The research results show that the extraordinary and RCP waves in the 3D MPPCs can produce two and one flatbands regions, respectively, and the frequencies of edges of flatbands regions are determined by the cutoff frequencies of extraordinary and RCP waves. The formulas of PWE method for the conditions as mentioned above are also deduced.5. The techniques of enlarging the PBGs for the 3D PPCs are investigated. The larger bandwidth of PBG for the 3D PPCs with low plasma density can be obtained as the low-symmetry pyrochlore lattice is introduced. Compared to the conventional sc, face-centered-cubic(fcc), body-centered-cubic(bcc) and diamond lattices, the larger PBG can be found in the 3D PPCs with pyrochlore lattices as all of parameters are same. The properties of PBGs of 3D PPCs with different lattices are analyzed and compared to one another as the uniaxial materials(anisotropic materials) are introduced. The research results demonstrated that the larger PBGs can be obtained in the 3D PPCs with high-symmetry lattices as the type-1 uniaxial material is introduced, such as sc, fcc and bcc lattices. The properties of PBGs for RCP wave in the 3D MPPCs with different lattices are studied, as the uniaxial materials are introduced and the magneto-optical Faraday effects are considered. The similar features of PBGs as mentioned above also can be observed. The dispersion characteristic of extraordinary wave in the 3D MPPCs with fcc lattices are investigated as the magneto-optical Voigt effects are considered and the uniaxial materials are introduced. The research results show that the bandwidth of PBG can be enlarged by introducing the type-1 uniaxial material, but this cannot affect the locations of flatbands regions.6. A new ternary core-shell structure is designed to make the 3D PPCs can produce the switching band gap(SWBG), which can be used to realize the microwave devices, such as optical switching and wave division multiplexer, and the characteristics of surface plasmon modes also are studied. The research results demonstrate that the SWBG can be tuned by the parameters of plasma. If the thickness of plasma shell is larger than a threshold value, the dispersion properties of 3D PPCs will have nothing to do with the sizes and kinds of core dielectric spheres. This makes the devices can be manufactured and realized possibly based on the 3D PPCs. If the the thickness of plasma shell is decreased gradually and trends to zero, the lattices of 3D PPCs and the radius of filled dielectric spheres will not affect the frequencies of upper edge of flatbands regions, but the lower edge of flatbands region will be dependent on the structures of lattices, and will be convergence to a constant finally. The properties of SWBGs for extraordinary and RCP waves in the 3D MPPCs and the characteristics of surface plasmon modes also are investigated as considering the magneto-optical Voigt and Faraday effects, respectively. To the extraordinary and RCP waves, the similar conclusions also can be drawn.