| As one of large inland area in China, the Tarim River basin serves as an important energy strategy base. In case that environmental problems of water resources reduction and ecological degradation become more serve in recent years, it is of great significance to strengthen of ecological water demand evaluation within this basin. Since 2000, the Tarim River Authority has completed water delivery to the Tarim River downstream for 14 times, which leads to effective improvement of basin water resource demand and ecological environment. Aims at water demand issue of the Tarim River basin in Xinjiang, this study analyzes characteristics climate and runoff in Tarim River basin, and uses three river sections (Alar, Xinqiman and Yingbaza) of upper Tarim reaches, Taiwan tema lake wetland located in Tarim River tail, and vegetation features sampled from four river sections (Yingsu, Kaerdayi, Alagan and Kurgan) of downstream of the Tarim River as study objectives. The lowest and the best discharge for the three upstream sections were quantified for different seasons, the ecological water demand of Taiwan tema lake wetland was determined by remote sensing method, and influence of water conveyance measures on vegetation characteristics was investigated, which aimed to provide scientific support for water resources management of Tarim River basin. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) Based runoff record river sections of Alar, Xinqiman and Yingbaza from 2001 to 2013, Montana method was applied and improved, ecological runoff standard of the three sections mentioned above were investigated. Results showed that the improved Montana method fitted well with seasonal river features in Xinjiang. By appling this method for runoff calculation, the minimum and the best runoff of Alar section were 138.99 m3/s and 324.31-926.6 m3/s respectively from July to October, while corresponding flows were 47.42 m3/s and 110.65～316.14 m3/s from November to following June. The minimum and best runoff of Xinqiman section was 108.27 m3/s and best flow was 252.63-721.8m3/s from July to October, and corresponding flows were 34.59 m3/s and 80.71-230.6 m3/s from November to following June. The minimum flow of Yingbaza section was 52.28 m3/s and best flow was 122.0-348.56 m3/s from July to October, and the corresponding flows were 11.68 m3/s and 27.26-77.89 m3/s, respectively, from November to following June.(2) Using Taiwan tema lake wetland at Tarim River tail as objective and water balance theory as foundation, this study combined RS technology, remote sending images, field observation, land use and meteorological data to commence remote sensing inversion method on land surface parameters of Taiwan tema lake (Albedo, VI, LSE, Plant height, Plant cover and Surface temperature) to derive energy flux(Soil heat flux, Surface net radiation, Sensible heat flux and Latent heat flux), and further to get evapotranspiration within Taiwan tema Lake area. By referring to area characteristics of vegetatioin classification, water demand of different vegetation types were calculated, and water demand of soil and habitat were derived by classification method. At last the minimum water demand of Taiwan tema Lake was 275.65×104m3, the best value was 330.43-408.94×104 m3, the maximum was 533.11x10" m3(3) Distances between plots, which were perpendicular to four sections, i.e. Yingsu, Kaerdayi, Alagan and Kurgan, of which transport water in July 2014, were set approximately as 100 m,200 m, 300 m, and each plot covered area of 50 m×50 m. A total of 24 plots were set up for the four sections, and numbers of species were investigated under condition of overflow and non-overflow. ANOVA variance analysis and Spssl6.0 independent sample t test were conducted, and vegetation diversity characteristics were statistically analyzed for the four sections. Populus with similar characteristics were selected within experimental sample plots from 2000 to 2013, standard diameters at 1.3 m were measured, and variation law was further explored. The results showed that the number of species and diversity index of vegetation ordered as Kurgan> Yinsu> Kaerdayi> Alagan. Under non-flooded conditions, Arbor and shrub were in a dominant position in the community, while under overflowing conditions, the proportion of species number of herbaceous species to total species number increased significantly. The findings confirmed that reaches of Tarim River under water conditions improved the ecological environment, and significantly increased vegetation diversity. |
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