The Yb~+ Ion Trap Development For Quantum Simulaiton Experiment

Quantum computation and quantum simulation can accomplish the impossbile task on classical computer by employing the quantum superposition property. It achieves advantages for the complex problems, the quantum many-body problem, spin model and frustrated model in condense mater, the simulation of chemistry dynamics and the calculation of electronic-structure, protein folding, the designing of new materials etc. The ion trap is one of the most promising system to implement the practical quantum computation and quantum simulaiton with large number of qubits.By far, the scalable expanding of ion trap has two way:the ion array on a sin-gle chip and the distributed quantum network. The ion trap has been developed a few decades, where the technique of cooling and controlling ions by laser or microwave is very well developed. With these techniques, the scalability of computation is prosperity and it is very likely to be the first system to accomplish the universal practical quantum computation and simulation.Here, this thesis describes the first ion trap experiment platformand in ustc, and the details of the trap design and how to manufacture it. Then we implement a quantum simulation experiment to test the Kibble-Zurek mechanism. This thesis can be read as a complete reference to the newer. The main contents of the thesis is listed as follows:1. Describing the trap designing idea, the manufacutre method and the noticing of the vacuum system constitue and the structure in the vacuum chamber. For a good ultra high vacuum pressure less than le-11torr need to be achieved, and this can re-duce the collision frequency between the ion and the residue background gas molecule, improving the coherence time of the ion.2. Describing the working theory of helical resonator and give the manufacutre precess steps. A good helical resonator has a high Q factor and a high resonate fre-quency. The high Q facor will filter the input noise a single driving microwave and keep the potential around the ion be idealing. The higher the microwave driving fre-quency, the higher the ion motion frequency, the lower the ion heating rate. A high ion motion frequency makes the sideband cooling much easier, where the sideband cooling is a method to cooling the ion to its motional ground state. So it’s easy to achieve the system requirements of the quantum simulation.3. Describing the energy level of Yb171, and the laser requirements when the ion is controlled, i.e. interaction time, the stability requirement of the laser frequency etc. Further more, the thesis describes the laser frequency stablizing technique and the ion trapping steps and controlling sequences:ionization, doppler cooling, microwave Rabi oscilliating, state measurement. Several parameters and materials has been listed in tables, in order to help experimental physicist achieve a clear concept.4. Giving an introduction of quantum simulation, describing the theroy and the experimental system. The resources for accomplishing a moderate simulation task are estimated approximately. This thesis also introduces several physics system to imple-ment quantum simulation.5. The Kibble-Zurek mechansim predicts the defect density after the quantum phase transition. We give the experimental quantum simulation of critical dynam-ics in the transverse-field Ising model by a set of Landau-Zener crossing in pseudo-momentum space. The results is highly matched with the theory prediction, and support the Kibble-Zurek mechanism in the quantum regime.