| The thesis is aimed to develop valuable materials from the herbal resource of Province of Shaanxi, the Aralia chinensis. This thesis focused on the systematic study of the processes of the polysaccharide, extraction, purification and decolorization. Furthermore the sepeartion and purification of the flavonoids from the degreasing liquid were studied; Finally, the biologic activitites of the obtained polysaccharide and flavonoids were tested. The detailed achievements are as follows:(1) The extraction of polysaccharideAralia chinensis polysaccharide was obtained by using hot water extraction and ultrasonic wave extraction. On the basis of mono-factor tests, the method of response surface analysis(RSA) was carried out to determine the optimal condition for the process of the extraction. The optimal process condition using hot water extraction was, the weight ratio of liquid and solid (10/1, water/dry weight), the extraction temperature of 95℃, the extraction time of 1.9 h and the extraction times of 2 times. The extraction rate of polysaccharide was 3.16% on the above mentioned condition. For the ultrasonic wave extraction, the optimal condition was:the extraction time of 32min, the extraction temperature of 84℃, the ultrasonic extraction power of 900 W, the weight ratio of liquid and solid (20/1, water/dry weight) and the extraction times of 2 times.Under the optimized condition, the extraction rate of polysaccharide was 3.99%. The comparison result shows that the ultrasonic method was more time-saving and the higher extraction rate of polysaccharide could be obtained.(2) The separation process of proteinThrough comparing the four methods of protein removal, papain-Sevage method was choosed as the optimal method. The optimal condition was the substrate concentration 2.7% based on papain, the separation temperature of 60℃, the hydrolysis time of 2 h, the pH value of 7.0 and the repeat times of 3 times. The amount of protein removal was 92.68% while the content of polysaccharide remained 86.91% after the deproteinization process.(3) The process of decolorizationBased on the comparison of four decolorization methods, hydrogen peroxide oxidation method, live carbon attaching method, reverse micelle solution method and macroporous resin adsorption method, macroporous resin adsorption method was proved to have the most effective for the decolorization of polysaccharide. Through the experiments of static adsorption, desorption and dynamic adsorption, the relative parameters of adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics are obtained. The result showed that LSA-700B resin adsorption was chosen the suitable method to determine the optimal adsorption condition, which is the sample usage of 2 BV, the current velocity of 2.0 BV/h, the sample mass concentration of 4.0 mg/mL and the adsorption temperature of 30℃. The decolorazation rate was 90.11% whilethe polysaccharide retention rate was 90.75%.(4) The characterisation of polysaccharides purified from Aralia chinensisThe APS-1-1 and UAPS-1-1 were got by the purification of DEAE-Cellulose column and sephadex G-100 with different solvents, respectively. The structural characterisation of APS-1-1 and UAPS-1-1 were studied. The APS-1-1 was a kind of water soluble polysaccharide with the average molecular weight of 1.28×106 Dal. The unit of monosaccharide for APS-1-1 was identified as rhamnose, arabinose and galactose with a ratio of 1:3.92:6.11, and its sugar chain was manily composed of 1â†'4 linkage. The UAPS-1-1 was a kind of water soluble polysaccharide with the average molecular weight of 4.28×105 Dal.Also, the unit of monosaccharide for UAPS-1-1 was identified as rhamnose, arabinose and galactose with a ratio of 1:1.19:1.25, and the sugar chain was manily composed of 1â†'4 linkage.(5) The purification of flavonoids from Aralia chinensisMacroporous resin adsorption was chosen to purify the flavonoids from Aralia chinensis. Through the detailed experiments of static adsorption, desorption and dynamic adsorption, the relative parameters of adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics were obtained. The result showed that the resin as the most suitable resin could effectively be used from the separation and purification of the flavonoids. The optimization condition was the sample concentration of 8.0 mg/mL, a flow rate of 2 BV/h and the pH value of 5.0 when 5 Bv ethnol (80%) as eluant was used. The final purity of polyphenol reached 30.87%.(6) The biologic activity of the polysaccharides and the flavonoids from Aralia chinensisThe results showed that both the polysaccharides and flavonoids from Aralia chinensis had the cleaning capability of superoxide radical, hydroxy radical and DPPH. Especially the the cleaning capability of DPPH or superoxide radical had the satisfied scavenging effect.Further by the study of in vitro antibacterial experiments of the representative bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa or rhinitis, the result showed that the flavonoids extracted from Aralia chinensis have the stronger inhibition activity than that of the polysaccharides from Aralia chinensis. |
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