| Changes of Neurotransmitters in the human body, which are currently undergoing research and exploration, are closely related to various diseases of the nervous system. In the research on humans’health, under the dynamic conditions of reduced or no stimulation, it will be of great significance to analyze and do research in the content changes of Neurotransmitters, such as those in blood and CSF.In the field of pharmaceutical analysis and food additive tests, there are many problems to be solved. For instance, how obtain analysis methods, which is are not only non-toxic, convenient, simple, and easy microminiaturization, integration, automation, stability, selective high characteristic, but also less uses or does not use the massive expensive instruments. There remains a great potential for further development.Electrochemist analytical methods, esp. electrochemical sensor analysis methods, are direct and nondestructive; it needs comparatively simple equipment, operates easily and analyzes efficiently. It is also likely to measure and control automatically and continuously. With the characteristic of a large range of measuring, high fidelity/ high-sensitivity and good selectivity, it has good potential prospects to be explored and applied widely.The thesis focuses on one of the basic research work of electrode preparation; preparation of electro-active substances and find a breakthrough in preparing the electro-active substances. Various sensors have been developed, which include modifying electrodes such as PVC and paraffin carbon cement, and glutamic acid sensors sensitive to neurotransmitters. bismuth preparation used for duodenal ulcer treatment,β1 receptor blocker used for cardiovascular diseases, dipyridamole used for anti-thrombus and the food additive---sorbic acid.The main focuses of the article are as follows:I Discussing the production of an aminophenol chemical sensors and its initial application to clinical test.We initiate to use the association complex of Fe(phen)32+ with glutamate as electroactive substances to make the wholly solid carbon cement glutamic acid modifying electrode. The Nernst response range is 1.6×10-5 mol/L～1.0×10-1mol/L, with a slope of 30mV/pC, and the detection limit is 8.9×10-6 mol/L. It proves to be an effective way to test vivo dynamic for its prompt response and good repeatability. Glutamic acid chemical sensors have overcome the disadvantages that other methods own such as high-efficiency liquid chromatography (HELC), the capillary electrophoresis method, spectro-photography, polarized light and acid-base titration because the latters fail in vivo testing; Compared to the glutamic acid enzyme electrode method, the glutamic acid chemical sensors have overcome the weakness inherent in the indirect method of testing the cleavage product by using the electrode of glutamate decarboxylase, glutamate oxidasic compound CO2 and H2O2, which makes it real potential glutamic acid chemical sensors. And the glutamic acid chemical sensors have been initially used to test the content of glutamic acid in the blood of patients suffering from Cerebral infarction.ⅡReporting of three electro-active substances and preparation of three different bismuth electrodes.(1) This paper reports for the first time that there exists this fully solid paste bismuth electrode, with the association complex of BiCl4- and quinine used as electro-active substance. The Nernst response range is 3.2×10-6 mol/L～1.0×10-2 mol/L, with a slope of 30mV/pC, and the detection limit is 2.0×10-6 mol/L. This electrode proves to have prompt response and good fidelity. When used to detect the content of bismuth in stomach medicines and easy-fused metal, the eletrode produces corresponding result with the standard curve method.Fully solid paste electrode has surpassed some limitations:the comparatively higher PVC membrance eletrode, the common problem of lower fidelity of Volt-ampere Carbon paste bismuth electrode when applied, easily dried and shed graphite, and inferior mechanical intension, etc. By adopting the solid paraffin as a bond, the electrode produces the new potential carbon paste bismuth electrode with high fidelity, and it is convenient to use and store. It not only retains the advantages of solid membrane electrode but also surpasses the membrane surface in that its membrane surface is reproductive. The content of bismuth ion is detected by the electro-active substance which is formed by the association complex of quinine and BiCl4- which has greater solubility than the association complex of quinine and BiI63-.Due to the small selectivity coefficient of BiCl4- when BiI63- is detected, the BiCl4- dissolved from electrode surface imposes less influence on this electrode on detection of low concentration of BiI63-, and this electrode thus has a detection limit is and Nernst response range of 2.0×10-6 mol/L and 3.2×10-6 mol/L～1.0×10-2 mol/L, which is obviously superior to the detection limit and Nernst range in literature.(2) That were reported for the first time that the association complex of Tramadol and BiI63- as the electroactive substance of Carbon-Coated PVC-Membrane Carbon Electrode as Ion-Selective Electrode for bismuth. The range of linearity response of the electrode is 5.0×10-3 mol/L～4.0×10-5 mol/L, and the slope is 20mV/pC. The detection limit of electrode is 2.5×10-5 mol/L. The response time of electrode is about 1 min.This electrode detects the Bismuth Potassium Citrate Capsules by using standard curve method. This method is convenient and the result corresponds to that in the pharmacopoeia law.(3) This article reports of the existence of a carbon paste electrode using the association complex of Norfloxacin and Bil63- as the electroactive substance. And the content of bismuth in Bismuth Potassium Citrate Capsules is tested. The range of Nernst response of electrode is 1.0×10-2 mol/L～4.0×10-6 mol/L, and the slope is 20mV/pC, the detection limit is 2.5×10-6 mol/L, This electrode has a prompt response and good fidelity, and the result corresponds with the pharmacopoeia law.Ⅲ. The PVC membrane Metoprolol -selective electrode is prepared with the association complex of Metoprolol and iodium as electroactive substance. The electrode detects the content of Metoprolol troche, and the result corresponds with the pharmacopoeia law.Using the electrode to detect the Nernst range of the content of Metoprolol, shows three degrees. Some pre-treatment procedures such as separation and filtration of analyzed sample can be omitted. The troche assistant material cannot interfere with the detection. Instruments used in detection are relatively cheap, easy to handle and therefore, likely to popularize.Also iodium method is a new method discovered by the author to prepare electroactive substance.Ⅳ. Dispensation of two-PVC membrane Dipyridamole for electrode.Carbon- coated PVC membrane Dipyridamole for electrode was prepared by making use of the complex of Dipyridamole and Bismuth iodized for electroactive substances. The new electrode slope is 48mV and its linear range has three degrees--1.0×10-2 mol/L～2.2×10-5 mol/L, with and the detection limit is 1.8×10-5 mol/L. Then this is used to detect the contents of two-PVC membrane with the result corresponding with the pharmacopoeia law.Changing the matrix, electrode slope can reach 57 mV/pC. Then it is used to detect the contents of PVC membrane with the result corresponding with the pharmacopoeia law.Ⅴ. All-solid-state carbon paste Sorbic acid electrode is dispensed by using the association complex of sorbic acid and Ethyl Violet as electroactive substance; the electrode Nernst response range is 2.2×10-5～1.0×10-1 mol/L, the slope is 30mV/pC and the detection limit 1.6×10-5 mol/L. The electrodes respond quickly and are reproducible. When the electrode is used to detect the sorbic acid in juice, soy sauce, and soft drinks samples, the result corresponds with the spectrophotometric.Compared with other methods, the sample pre-treatment is quite facilitating. |
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