Waste Mussel Shell Used As Material Of Catalyst For Preparation Of Biodiesel And Study On The Combustion Dynamics Properties Of Blends Fuel

This thesis is based on the national863project biomass clean and efficientpretreatment key technology research (2012AA051502). Henan province innovationtalents of science and technology plan(2014KJCXJCRC015), high efficientcombustion of biomass fuel for clean technology research and Zhengzhou science andtechnology innovation team (131PCXTD588) funded and transformation of biomassenergy utilization technology project completion.The catalyst was prepared by calcining waste mussel shell at high temperature.The decomposition law of mussel shell through test analysis was that the organiccomponents decomposed completely in the temperature range of287℃~383℃.Noweight loss occurred when the temperature was in the range of389℃~458℃.Therewas a slight exothermic process, which was a clam calcite aragonite phase transitionphase. Temperature rose to600℃, mussel shell began to decompose until800℃thensample had no weightlessness. DTA curve flattened, CaCO3almost completelydecomposed. When the calcination temperature was1000℃, the maximum surfacearea of the calcined product was obtained. When the calcination temperature reached1100℃, the product had slight melting sintering phenomena so that the specific surfacearea decreased slightly.Analysis had been designed of orthogonal factors, which included amount ofcatalyst, molar ratio of methanol to oil, reaction temperature, reaction time, stirringrate on the yield of biodiesel in turn. After preparation of biodiesel meteorologicalchromatography, mainly composed of linoleic acid, methyl oleate, methyl palmitate,stearic acid methyl ester and linolenic acid methyl ester, etc.The product purity wasabout99.91%and the average molecular weight of the biodiesel C19H36O2.Atomization characteristics of biodiesel-diesel blends had been studied. With thebiodiesel volume percentage changing, the atomization performance was variableobviously. Atomized fuel mixture form with increasing spatial biodiesel contentdecreased gradually divergent spray, fog cone angle decreased, spray range increasedyet. Changing the injection pressure and the ambient pressure on the blend fuel,atomization had been improved significantly with the increase of the injectionpressure. The cone angle of the fuel mixture was reduced, the range of spray increased and droplet diameter was smaller than before.Effective consumption increased with biodiesel content increasing. And theeffective thermal efficiency was slightly reduced. NOXemission was increasing withthe increase of biodiesel, but when biodiesel%<40%of the blends, NOXemissionsincreasing was not significant. PM, HC and CO emissions increased with biodieselcontent decreasing.1) With the postponement of injection timing, the effective thermal efficiencydecreased, fuel consumption，PM and HC emissions increased, NOXemissionsgradually reduced. CO emissions of different blends varied: CO of BD20increasedfirst and then decreased, Those of BD40and BD60reduced with the postponement ofthe injector.2) Exhaust gas recirculation reduced the oxygen concentration of the gas mixturein cylinder, the combustion temperature can be reduced, generation of NOXcould bedestroyed effectively. When the EGR%<30%, NOXand PM gradually reduced withthe exhaust cycle rate increasing, but CO and HC emissions increased firstly thendecreased. Overall emission was on the standard level.3) The larger the intake air pressure, the specific heat capacity of gas in cylinderwas also bigger thus leaded to the temperature decreased, the heat release rate wasincreased too. Local high temperature in cylinder generated. For the same mixture offuel, EGR%of the same cycle, with the intake pressure increasing, HC emissionincreased firstly then decreased, CO emissions was almost unchanged. When EGR%>25%later, CO emissions increased significant with the intake pressure increased.4) When injection pressure increased, NOXand PM emissions declined. But HCemissions reduced at low rates of EGR, increased at high EGR rate with the injectionpressure increasing. CO emissions were rising as the injection pressure is reduced forBD20and BD40and the CO emissions of BD60increased with the rising pressure.The main reason was that fuel blends atomization deterioration caused by poorcombustion.5) Five characteristic parameters included effective pressure, maximumexplosion pressure, power, NOXemissions, CO emissions and fuel consumption werefuzzy Evaluated in conditions of three operating of engine for five blends. Weightsparameters were obtained by variation coefficient, and the experimental parameters ofeach condition were normalized. Fuzzy assessment of the evaluation result was thatBD30was the best, which was the best description of the blend in the dynamic performance, harmful gas emissions and economy.