Study On The Green Chemistry Of Several Bio-macromolecules

The sustainable and green chemistry has become an inevitable direction of thedevelopment of chemistry. In this thesis, biomass were used as starting materials, toconstruct new supramolecular polymer micelle systems based on bio-macromoleculesand their derivatives, and to synthesize carbon monoxide from carbon dioxide andbio-carbon. The achiroptical rotation of achiral molecules was investigated usingbiodegradable poly (lactic acid) as the model molecule.In chapter1, the developments of green chemistry were reviewed, the researchprogress and the application of bio-macromolecular cyclodextrin and cellulose in thebiomedical field were introduced, and the investigation of new methods of thereducing of carbon dioxide was summarized.In chapter2, new supramolecular polymer micelles (SMPMs) based on thehost-guest interaction between maleic anhydride modified α-cyclodextrin(MAh-α-CD) and aliphatic polycarbonate poly (trimethylene carbonate)(PTMC) andpoly (2,2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate)(PDTC) were constructed. As a result ofthe characterization of the structures and morphologies, the micelles were indicated toself-assemble by the amphiphilic inclusion complexes of MAh-α-CD andPDTC/PTMC, using the sections of inclusion complexes of PDTC/PTMC andMAh-α-CD as hydrophilic corona and the naked polymer as hydrophobic core. Themicelles were dispersed individually in a regular spherical shape in water and the invitro drug release experiment indicated that the micelles obtained had high drugloaded efficiency and prolonged releasing time.In chapter3, SMPMs were obtained from natural and natural-derived polymers:β-cyclodextrin (β-CD)/maleic anhydride modified β-cyclodextrin (MAh-β-CD) andmethylcellulose (MC) in aqueous solution by one-pot self-assembly procedure. Thecertain extent of lipotropy of methylcellulose (MC) which is considered as thefoundation of lipophilic-lipophilic interaction was investigated by dynamic contactangle. A series of results indicated that the supramolecular systems obtained usedβ-CD/MC and MAh-β-CD/MC inclusion complexes as the hydrophilic corona andfree MC as the core. The shapes of the SMPMs were regular sphericities withdiameters of25±5nm. The in vitro drug release behaviors of the micelles werestudied and the results showed that the MC/MAh-β-CD micelle had adrug-enrichment core and excellent drug released behaviors with a sustaining releasetime of700hrs. In chapter4, SMPMs of three kinds of cellulose derivatives (ethyl cellulose (EC),cellulose acetate (CA) and cellulose acetate butyrate) and different kinds of CD(α-CD, β-CD and γ-CD) and their derivatives were constructed. From theinvestigation results of the micelles obtained from different kinds of cellulosederivatives and CDs, CDs interacted with cellulose derivatives by host-guestinteraction to construct SMPMs were shown to be a kind of universal behavior, andthe yields of the micelles were determined by the dimension of the host and guestmolecules and the capabilities of hydrogen bonds destroyed agents added in theprocesses.In chapter5, microwave, a kind of green and cleaning resource, could be used asthe simulation of solar energy was used as heating source. Under microwaves andanaerobic condition, carbon monoxide could be produced instantly when carbondioxide flowed through the heating bio-carbon floor. By investigating the reactions ofdifferent kinds of carbon, the uneven lump carbon was indicated as a kind of “Struckpoint” which was the key of the occurring of this reaction. The purity of the productwas related to the microwave irradiation power, the thickness of the bio-carbon floorand the flow rate of carbon dioxide. Under the appropriate conditions, this reactioncould take place at the temperature of350oC and completed above the equilibriumtemperature about600oC instantaneously when bio-carbon and carbon dioxide mixed.In chapter6, the optical rotation of achiral molecules was presented as auniversal phenomenon that occurred at the light-refracted boundary of achiral media,whereas optically rotational chiral molecules had the light-refracted chemical bondplanes in their structures. Molecular optical rotation and light refraction wereconcomitant and their relationship could be expressed quite well by a succinct linearequation which indicated that molecular optical rotation came from therefraction-induced unequal attenuations in amplitudes of two rectangular componentsof wave vector of linearly polarized light.