Controllable Synthesis Of C_60Cl₆, Porphyrin Complex And Iron Oxide Micro-and Nano-structures By Solution Route

Micro- and nano-materials with well defined shapes, sizes, and compositions, which possess excellent optical, electrical, and magnetic properties, have been widely applied in optoelectronic devices, gas sensors, solar cell and biomedicine. A variety of methods for preparing micro- and nano-materials have been developed, however, it is still very difficult to obtain micro- and nano-materials with controlled structures, morphologies and sizes. Thus it is still an extremely challenge to synthesize micro- and nano-materials with specific morphology, size, structure, and practical application through improving the existing preparation method and modifying the precursor structure. Some functional materials, such as fullerenes, porphyrin, and iron oxide, displaying intrinsic excellent performance, have been used as building blocks to build micro- and nano-materials.In the dissertation, C60Cl6, porphyrin and iron oxide were selected as the research objects, and their micro- and nano-structures with controllable shape and uniform size were synthesized by a simple self-assembly method and hydrothermal route. The influence of external conditions on the morphology, size and structure were studied, their optical, magnetic and gas sensing properties were characterized, and the formation mechanisms were proposed. The details are summarized as follows:1. The nanohelix structure of C60Cl6 was obtained by self-assembly method at room temperature and atmosphere pressure for the first time and micro flower of C60Cl6 was also achieved. The effects of synthetic parameters, such as solvent kinds and concentration, on the formation and morphology of C60Cl6 nanohelice and micro flower were systematically investigated. The possible mechanisms for the formation of C60Cl6 nanohelice and micro flower were proposed. C60Cl6 nanohelix with regular morphology and radial distribution, may be used as the preparation of micro- and nano-helical template, and may also have potential applications in terms of organic optoelectronic devices. Micron flower-like structure of C60Cl6 is expected to be applied in terms of catalyst carriers and gas adsorption duo to its specific surface structure.2. Zinc tetraphenylporphyrin(ZnTPP) octahedral micrometer crystal was synthesized from ZnTPP by a facile, fast and surfactant-free liquid phase self-assembly method at room temperature. Nickel(II) 12,18-dimethyl-13,17-diethyl-5-(p-methoxyphenyl)-porphyrin(NiMPP) nanoribbons、nanorods and micro flower were synthesized from NiMPP by surfactant assisted ultrasonic method. Using the corrole as a raw material, corrole nano-spheres with pores were prepared by liquid phase self-assembly method. The influence of concentration, additive and laying-aside time on the experimental results were investigated. The best controllable synthesis conditions were obtained.3. A facile glycerin-assisted hydrothermal method was designed to assemble single crystalline α-Fe2O3 nanoplates into columnar one dimensional superstructures(CODS) with controllable sizes. The reaction parameters such as the concentration of Fe3+ ion, types of polyols and surfactants, temperature and reaction time that affected the α-Fe2O3 morphology were investigated systematically, based on which a possible formation mechanism for α-Fe2O3 CODS was proposed. Furthermore, we have measured the magnetism and gas sensing performance of the as-prepared α-Fe2O3 nanoplates and α-Fe2O3 CODS. Magnetic measurements revealed ferromagnetic behaviour at room temperature, with size- and shape dependent characters. Moreover, the plate-like α-Fe2O3 and α-Fe2O3 CODS showed good sensing performance towards some flammable and toxic gases.