Content Analysis And Contamination Assessment Of Heavy Metal In Typical Region Of Upper Reaches Of The Yellow Rive

With the national attention and support to the northwest region of China, the rapid development of the industrialization of the the Yellow River River Basin has been accelerated, the expansion of the urban population, and more and more pollutants are discharged into the yellow river, the problem of the water pollution in yellow river is more serious in recent years. Therefore, the study of pollution condition of water quality and sediment has an important practical significance for the ecological environment protection. Taking the method of field sampling and laboratory analysis. This thesis took the surface sediments of 121 sample points of typical regions in four provinces(including Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia and Inner Mongolia) in upstream of Yellow Rivers the research object, collected and analysed the surface sediments and control samples in 0~5 cm, investigated and researched systematically the characteristic of content and spatial distribution pattern of eight heavy metals(Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, Cr, Pb and Cd) in surface sediments. We can understand the sources of each heavy metal element through the relevant research and principal omponent analysis, and the evaluating pollution level in surface sediments from typical regions in four provinces in upstream of Yellow river by the method of Geo-accumulation Index, Sediment Enrichment Factors and Pollution Load Index. The following conclusions are:The evaluation of the Yellow River section in typical region of upper reaches of 8 kinds of heavy metals pollution by pollution load index, shows: Qinghai section pollution load index PLI value is 1.16, the pollution grade I belong to moderate pollution, the degree of heavy metal pollution from high to low order is Cr>Cu>Fe>Mn>Ni>Pb>Zn>Cd, Gansu section pollution load index PLI value is 1.07, the pollution grade I belong to moderate pollution, the degree of heavy metal pollution from high to low order is Cr>Cd>Mn>Ni>Fe>Cu>Pb>Zn, Ningxia section pollution load index PLI value is 1.15, the pollution grade I belong to moderate pollution, the degree of heavy metal pollution from high to low order is Cr>Cd>Ni>Pb>Cu>Mn>Fe>Zn, Inner Mongolia section pollution load index PLI value is 1.10, the pollution grade I belong to moderate pollution, the degree of heavy metal pollution from high to low order is Cr>Cu>Ni>Cd>Mn>Pb>Fe>Zn.In Qinghai, only a few of the heavy metals have correlation, but in Ningxia, Gansu and Inner Mongolia most of the heavy metals have significant correlation.The 8 kinds of heavy metals in sediments from the upper reaches of the the Yellow River River in Qinghai section consists of 2 principal components, the first principal component is Mn, Cd, Cr, the contribution rate was 37.593%, the second principal component is Cu and Fe, the contribution rate is 22.177%; The 8 kinds of heavy metals in the sediments of the Gansu section are composed of 2 main components, the first principal component is Mn, Zn, Cd, Cr, the contribution rate is 50.200%, the second principal component is Cu, Zn, Pb, the contribution rate is 17.183%; The 8 kinds of heavy metals in the sediments of the Ningxia section are composed of 2 main components, the first principal component is Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, the contribution rate is 51.159%, the second principal component is Cr, Pb, the contribution rate is 20.714%; The 8 kinds of heavy metals in the sediments of the Inner Mongolia section are composed of 2 main components, the first principal component is Fe, Mn, Zn, the contribution rate is 49.642%, the second principal component is Cu, Ni, the contribution rate is 15.908%. The same principal component showed that the distribution of these heavy metals have the same characteristics.The 8 kinds of heavy metals in Qinghai are divided into 5 categories: Ⅰ(Cu、Fe);Ⅱ(Cd、Cr、Pb);Ⅲ(Mn);Ⅳ(Zn);Ⅴ(Ni);The 8 kinds of heavy metals in Gansu are divided into 4 categories: Ⅰ(Fe、Cd);Ⅱ(Cu、Mn、Zn、Cd);Ⅲ(Pb);Ⅳ(Ni);The 8 kinds of heavy metals in Ningxia are divided into 3 categories: Ⅰ(Cu、Fe、Mn、Cd、Cr、Zn);Ⅱ(Ni);Ⅲ(Pb);The 8 kinds of heavy metals in Inner Mongolia are divided into 4 categories: Ⅰ(Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn);Ⅱ(Cd、Cr);Ⅲ(Ni);Ⅳ(Pb)。With different sampling points the total amount of each metal section have significant difference, and the contents of all forms with different sampling points also exist significant differences.The sequence of environmental pollution risk from 8 kinds of heavy metals in Xining is Cu > Cd > Ni > Cr > Pb > Mn > Fe > Zn; The sequence of environmental pollution risk from 8 kinds of heavy metals in Lanzhou is Ni > Cu > Cd > Cr > Zn > Pb > Mn > Fe; The sequence of environmental pollution risk from 8 kinds of heavy metals in Yinchuan is Ni > Mn > Cd > Cu > Cr > Zn > Pb > Fe; The sequence of environmental pollution risk from 8 kinds of heavy metals in Baotou is Ni > Cu > Mn > Cr > Cd > Pb > Zn > Fe.