The Evacuation Contribution Analysis Of Different Space Combination Modes In Public Buildings

Under the condition of rapid urbanization and economic development, more and more people are faced with various safety factors, which are directly related to the peace and social stability of millions of families. This situation increases the requirement of architectural designing. Besides the beauty, practice, cultural heritage in the buildings, the building space and its flows also should be planned in a scientific way. As we know, the public buildings play a very important role in the economic and social. The influence of these unsafe factors on public buildings are very high. At the same time, the building and urban forms are changed rapidly with the process or urbanization. How to improve scientific features of functional layout of architectural space has always been the critical concerned issue in architecture. There is growing emphasis on the evacuation efficiency of public buildings. However, the evacuation efficiency of public buildings are closely related to the architectural space layout. They need a harmonization between the evacuation efficiency and the architecture space combinations. This is also a very important, urgent research question for the architecture designing community.The rapid development of modern science and technology brings great opportunities and challenges the architecture design theory and practice. For example, today’s architects need to face rapid human-induced environmental changes. However the traditional design methods are lacking of scientific data to support the analysis of efficiency before the completion of architectural design. This paper faces the requirement of the security in current situations, and integrates the research works in architecture design, computational simulation, and space-time theory in geography, to develop an approach of investigating the contribution differences of various space combinations of architectures. This study introduces a new research views to push the research works to the digital architecture designing, and automatic assessment of these designs.The research works in this study are as follows: (1) This paper proposed a fine evacuation evaluation index for the public buildings. Based on the analysis of the space design of public buildings, the evacuation research works, this paper concluded the space elements of public buildings and evacuation elements, the space combinations and their characteristics of public evacuation. This paper analyzed the efficiency indicators of buildings, such as the evacuation (clear) time, evacuation distance and the space-time utilization efficiency. Then, this paper introduced a new evacuation efficiency indicator to formulate the space and time use in elements of the public buildings. This indicator is derived from the space-time path set of individuals in the public buildings. This indicator can reflect the evacuation efficiency of pass ways, room and the combinated building spaces in a general manner by incorporating the behavior of free passing.(2) This paper proposed a evacuation evaluation approach of the public buildings by using the space-time trajectories of individuals in the public buildings. This paper introduce a concept of space-time potential energy which reflect the possibility of the traveling in a space. Then, this paper defines the rules, models, algorithms, and methods of three-dimensional cellular automata simulation to implement the evacuation simulation of pubic building space. Based on this approach, this paper built up a mapping between space-time trajectory set of individuals and the evacuation efficiency. And finally, this paper proposed an automatic evaluation approach of evacuation efficiency by using the space-time trajectory set which were generated in the simulation algorithm.(3) This paper proposed an evaluation approach of evacuation efficiency of space combinations in the public buildings. Based on the requirement of digital analysis for the space combinations in the public buildings, this paper introduced a concept of space combinations’hierarchical map, and built up a mapping approach between the space-time trajectories of individuals and the hierarchical map, and then proposed a concept of evacuation contribution index of building space combinations, which can be used to describe the influence of building space combinations on the evacuation efficiency. This index can provide analysis data to compare the evacuation contributions of different space combinations in the public buildings. As result, this paper formulated a new quantitative assessment method of evaluate the evacuation efficiency contributions of various space combination.(4) This paper analyze the evacuation efficiency contributions of three examples, such as the single kind of the space, the simple architectural designs and the architectural design of large international bidding buildings in the three levels. This paper developed an experimental system to implement the modals, algorithms and methods proposed in this paper. Then this paper simulated the evacuation process of these three examples to generate the space-time trajectories of individuals and the evaluated values of the evacuation contribution index. In the next step, this paper analyzed the evacuation efficiency of the single kind of spaces in the first example, the evacuation contributions of the simple architectural designs in the second example, and the evacuation efficiency main path and the evacuation contribution equilibrium of the third example. These analyzes demonstrated the correctness and rationality of the proposed concepts and methods.This research work can provide a new simulation and analysis method to the evacuation in the new situation of security, and facilitate the simulated and quantitative analysis data to the study of space combination and layout in the public buildings. Also, these research work can provide practical tools for architectural designers to evaluate the evacuation efficiency. As result, this research work can improve the adaptability and the ability of meeting requirement of the architectural designs, and ultimately facilitate the design of public building space combinations in a scientific manner.