Modern Architecture In Northern Shaanxi (1840-1949)

During modern period (1840-1949), notable modern buildings which has manytypes and features were formed in northern Shaanxi, based on its unique geographicalenvironment, resources, and specific background of red revolutionary base in thepost-war history and culture. These buildings were formed in the central part of theloess plateau, in which area, based on the multi-level ecological transition zone, peoplelived mainly by farming, a nomadic life supplemented, and were inherited the centralplains culture mainly, exotic cultures supplemented, with the integration of modernwestern culture and then the impact of wartime base. The formation and evolution ofmodern architecture in northern Shaanxi, which was under the influence of the specialgeography, culture and history, has a special historical value and important researchsignificance.The paper issues of the special value of modern architecture in northern Shaanxibroke the classification by type of construction of a single research integrated approach,andused aresearch programs and technology roadmap, merging a baseline of historicaland cultural.In this paper, main research work and achievements are shown as following:Firstly, this paperanalyzedthe development and evolution of Northern modernarchitecture, depicted the development of their history and culture, and proposed thedevelopment of Northern modern architectural culture, which was conducted andcombined by "Westernization import","folk gradient","red of exploration" and otherspace-time elements. Secondly, the modern architecture of these three timesis classifiedand discussed respectively in this paper, based on the development and evolution ofNorthern modern architecture,and this paper collected and analyzed statistics of spatial distribution, typical examples and characteristics of the architectural, and surveyed andmapped some critical buildingsespecially.Moreover，on the basis of a long-term fieldresearch by the author and his team, this paper studied the modern architecture fromfour aspects, which were architectural style, architectural space form, architecturalmodeling features and architectural technical features, summarizing the characteristicsof modern architecture in northern Shaanxi. Finally, the evolution path, evolutioncharacteristics and motives of Northern modern architecture forms were analyzed in thispaper, providing a comprehensive cognition for the pattern and evolvement of Northernmodern architecture.By the research of the development of Northern modern architecture, a“basicmodel”of the architecture in modern era was established in this paper:“four kindsof style”and“five kinds of spatial patterns” in the architecture form, a compromisedesign approach in the architectural style, a coexistence of“native” and “advanced” inthe architecture technology, summarizing the gene pool of modern architecture innorthern Shaanxi.In this paper, a kind of “diversity” evolution characteristics was showed during theevolution of Northern modern architecture, and this evolution path was a multi-chain,which had three clues, namely importing from western countries、a gradual change fromthe folk and exploring the Chinese red characteristics. It provided research ideas forexploring the Chinese modern period and studying the development and evolvement oftypical red revolutionary base construction.