Research On Spatialequity Of Urban Public Facilities

Public service facilities is the spatial carrier of public service. The spatialdistribution of public service facilities is related to the quality of life and social justice,which is an important research field in urban geography. Our country is now movingfrom survival society to development society,while the needs of residents is movingfrom basic survival data to development and enjoyment data, which is bound to putforward higher, more diversified demands of public service supply in terms of qualityand quantity. However, the different class groups can not enjoy eaual access to limitedpublic resources because of the residential spatial differentiation and concentratedpublic resources. How to provid effective public resources to ensure each stratum canenjoy equal public service is the necessary requirement of the service-orientedgovernment. Most domestic studies are qualitative study based on regional macro scalenfrom the perspective of public policy, public management and so on, which ignore thedistribution of urban space and social space. Therefore, it is necessary to draw lessonsfrom foreign related theory to carry out the research of spatial equity of urban publicfacilities, which will enrich the equity theory about public service and look for thebreakthrough point to resovle the contradiction between supply and demand of publicservice.Based on the above purpose, this paper plans to conduct studies on saptial equity ofurban public facilities thatchooses educational facilities as the research object and takesChongqing as a case study area. Firstly, it summaries the research status at home andabroad, and expatiates related concepts and theories. Secondly, it constructs the valueorientation, connotation and formation mechanism of spatial equity. Then, it establishesthe evaluation system of equity of opportunity and spatial performance combined withcase study. On the basis of empirical research, it disucusses the formation mechanism ofspatial inequality and constructs the frame of spatial equity from four levels:cognization, planning, technology, system, etc. Last is the conclusion, it summarizes theresearch innovation and insufficiency, proposes the further research direction. The mainresults and conclusions of this study are as follows:First, the spatial equity of public facilities includes two value orientation those areequity of opportunity and spatial performance. The spatial equity will go through threestages: the uniform distribution at the early stage, the homogeneous distribution at mid-term, the hierarchical network distribution at a future date.Second, there are significant spatial difference about the opportunity to use publicservice facilities for different class groups. This study shows that the competition forpublic resources affects the ease of accessbility to public servicebecause of unevendistribution of population. The demand of public service facilities for different socialstrata is not the same, and the middle class get more public service.Third, there are significant difference about the spaticl performance of publicfacilities. On basis of the analysis of coupling mechanism between public servicefacilities and city economic, this paper divides the study area into four types: high levelcoordination type, low level coordination type, facilities in advance type and facilitieslag type, and it offers a proposal that the public facilities should advanced developappropriately. On the one hand, public facilities should develop advance within reason,to grow. On the other hand,the advanced development appropriately should vary fromplace to place. The area with rapid development should increase investment in publicfacilities, the area relatively backward other regions should construct public servicefacilities according to the development situation.Last, the spatial inequality of urban pulic facilities is the result of subjective andobjective conditions. In objective aspects, historical inertia and accumulationmechanism of city development are the basic condition of spatial characteristics ofurban public facilities. In subjective conditions, urban planning is the guidance of urabnpublic space, the diversification of providers and the transformation of governmentfunction change the urban public space. Driven by economic interests, themarket-oriented housing system further increase the concentration of homogeneouspopulations and isolation of heterogeneous populations.