| This study was carried out in two parts. Firstly, some common potted flowers as Calendula officinalis, Tagetes patula, Tagetes erecta, Phalaenopsis aphrodita Rchb. F., Cymbidium hybrid, Oncidium, Catharanthus roseu,s Celosia plumose, Salvia splendens, Euphorbia pulcherrima, Anthurium andraeanum, Gomphrena globosa, were cultured in N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S deficient solution, separately. The nutrient deficiency symptoms, biomass and nutrient concentration of those plants were studied. And during this experiment, Gomphrena globosa was proved to be able to fulfill all of its growth stages without root sulfate or additional atmospheric S supply. The secondly experiment was conducted to investigate Gomphrena globosa growth and its primary nutrition conditions response to no root sulfate supply including growth status, biomass production, some elemental concentrations and its S metabolism physiology. The main results are summarized as follows:1. Common symptoms of element deficiency and concentration changes of nutrients in compositae plantsThe results showed that N deficiency of Calendula officinalis and Tagetes erecta were most visible, while the deficiency of Tagetes patula cultured under K deprived solution was most visible. Compared to CK, N concentration of Calendula officinalis and Tagetes erecta increased when cultured under K deprived solution. Of all the three plants, P concentration increased when plant grown without N or K, and K concentration decreased when P was deficient. K and Mg concentration increased when Ca was deficient. Ca concentration was increased when K was not supplied. K concentration of Calendula officinalis was enhanced when Mg was not supplied. S concentration of three plans was not decreased gradually without S being supplied, and S concentration of Tagetes patula and Tagetes erecta were enhanced when N, P, K and Ca were deficient.2. Effects of different element deficiencies on growth and elements concentration of four ornamental pineappleThe N concentration of Neoregelia carolinae var. variegata and Aechmea fasciata cv. was significantly enhanced without S supplied. The P of all the four ornamental pineapples increased when lack of N or K. Lack of S increased P content of Neoregelia carolinae var. variegata, as well. K concentration in Vriesea’Tiffany’, Guzmania Dnise’ and Neoregelia carolinae var. variegata raised on condition of limitation of Ca or Mg. Mg content in Vriesea’Tiffany’, Guzmania Dnise’, Aechmea fasciata cv. increased without P supplied. P accumulated when S was deprived in Neoregelia carolinae var. variegate.3. Effects of different element deficiencies on growth and elements concentration of Phalaenopsis aphrodita Rchb. F., Cymbidium hybrid and OncidiumThe mineral nutrition requirements of different species of orchids are different. In the actual culture, different orchids should be applied with the appropriate amount of each element and with appropriate extension of fertilization time to promote flower bud and improve the quality of flowers, thus to enhance the ornamental value. Application of proper N fertilizer on orchids might be benefit for flowering. A Flower number would be increased when certain concentration P fertilizer is applied.4. Effects of elements deficiency in cultivation on growth and plant nutrient contents of some other common flowersLack of K significantly inhibits the shoot growth of Catharanthus roseus, and lack of P treatment significantly increases root biomass. Shortage of N and K treatment significantly increases P accumulation in Catharanthus roseus.The shortest plant height and the minimum inflorescence of Celosia plumose will be appeared for lack of K. while, the minimum shoot biomass and the shortest root length for lack of N. Similarly to Catharanthus roseus, lack of N and K also significantly increases P content in Celosia plumose. And shortage of K also significantly increases Mg accumulation in Celosia plumose. The highest concentration of K can be obtained for lack of Ca, and the highest S concentration obtained for lack of P in Celosia plumose.To Salvia splendens, lack of N has the most significant effect on plant biomass reduction. Similarly to plant Catharanthus roseus and Celosia plumose, lack of N and K significantly increases P accumulation in Salvia splendens. While, shortage of Mg can increase K concentration in plant, and shortage of N increase Mg, and shortage of N and P increase S in plant.Lack of N has the most significant effect on plant biomass reduction of Euphorbia pulcherrima. Though has the longest root for lack of P, the highest root biomass of Euphorbia pulcherrima has been obtained for lack of Ca treatment. Lack of K treatment increases N concentration in plant Euphorbia pulcherrima, while, lack N treatment decreases K concentration in plant. P concentration in plant may be improved for shortage of N, K, Ca and S treatment. And K be increased by lack of Ca, Mg and S.Lack of K has the most significant effect on plant biomass reduction of Anthurium andraeanum. N concentration in plant will be decreased by lack of K and Ca treatment. Lack of N can let lower concentration of K and Mg, and higher concentration of P in plant Anthurium andraeanum. Shortage of P and K treatment can increase Ca concentration in plant, while Ca concentration decreased by lack of N and S treatment. And Mg concentration in plant can be improved by treatment of lack of Ca. Lack of S treatment will shorten S content in plant, and has no effect on other elements in Anthurium andraeanum.To Gomphrena globosa L., lack of P has the most significant effect on plant biomass reduction. However, the highest plant biomass may be obtained by lack of S treatment. The growth conditions of Gomphrena globosa L., as well as the branching and flowering, is the best in the treatment of S shortage compared to the other elements deficiency. Interestingly, the highest S concentration in Gomphrena globosa L. has been obtained with S shortage treatment compared to other elements deficiency treatment. And S concentration of different elements deficiency treatments in Gomphrena globosa L. is higher than in other common flowers.5. Effects of minus root sulfate supply on growth and the elements concentration of Globe amaranth under hydroponic conditionBy aquatic experiment we found that Globe amaranth(Gomphrena globosa L.) is one of these plants with especial high capacity to use atmospheric S. S concentration in flower, shoot and root of the plant without root sulfate supplied was increased with plant growth and development, symptoms of S deficiency disappeared and other elements concentrations in plant trended to nearly same with the plus sulfate treatment.6. Physiological Characteristics of Globe amaranth without root S supplyThe Chlorophyll a of Globe amaranth was dramatically decreased when root S was deprived in the plant, while botany photosynthesis was not affected. Lack of S significantly increased the soluble protein of plant by 128%, which might indicate that the plant had a higher metabolism during this period. Activity of Gs, GPT and NR was brought down in case of lack of S, while activity of ATPS and OASS was increased.Content of Cys and Met is rare in the Globe amaranth. When root S was deprived, content of amino acid in the shoot was increased a little and that in the flower was increased significantly.The root was severely affected when lack of S at that moment. Adverse resistance of the plant decreased in the minus S treatment.7. Growth and S concentration of Globe amaranth added with different type of SProvided with SO2 range from 0.2μL L-1 to 0.8μL L-1, biomass and S concentration of the Globe amaranth increased. SO2 was not benefit to Globe amaranth when the concentration went up to 1.0μL L-1. Globe amaranth was proved to be able to take acid rain as its S source. Root SO42-is the most effective way to improve growth of the plant, SO2 was pier to it. S concentration in the plant went up firstly, and then went down as well as the added S. |
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