Research On The Utilization Of Fibers From Bamboo Shoots Processing And Recycling Industry Chain Design

Bamboo shoots are primary agricultural products in our country. Up to 60% bamboo shoots are processed. Recently, because lacking of economic benefit, resource utilization rate and the processing of wastes are all issues in traditional bamboo shoots process industry in China.In this paper, in order to prompt sustainable development of bamboo industry, character of fiber from bamboo shoots process wastes and preserve method were studied, besides multilevel industry processing mode was also developed, combined with production processing and waste recycling. The main results were summarized as follows:1. Preliminary ingredients research of by-products from bamboo shoots process and edible part of bamboo shoots were compared. Results showed that fibers in by-products were much higher than edible part, while crude protein, fat and ash were lower. The content of fiber, ash and fat in five different kinds of shells of bamboo shoots (BSS) were 30～40%,1.67～3.54% and 0.71～1.97% respectively.2. Dietary fiber (DF) in bamboo shoots and processing waste were compared, results indicated that:①from top to bottom of Phyllostachys pubescens body, insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) and total dietary fiber (TDF) content were increasing. The edible part of bamboo shoots had the highest soluble dietary fiber (SDF). TDF in different kinds of BSS was 58.24～79.15%, significantly higher than other DF sources, but SDF/IDF value was 1:26.60～43.85%, while it was about 1:2 in edible part of Phyllostachys pubescens.②DF in bamboo shoots and BSS had good absorption ability, as their water holding capability (WHC) and swelling capability were 3.59～9.11g water/g DW and 1.34～7.67 ml water/g DW respectively.③The polyphenol content both in BSS and Phyllostachys pubescens bamboo shoots were higher than common dietary fiber. In edible part of Phyllostachys pubescens, it was 22.96 g GAE/100g, BSS was only 6.94 gGAE/100g. Meanwhile, BSS and bamboo shoot of Phyllostachys pubescens also had strong antioxidant capacity. Therefore, bamboo shoots and its processing waste were good kinds of dietary fiber source. 3. SEM, FT-IR and TGA were used to analyze the character of cellulose fiber from BSS. The results showed that:①cellulose in different kinds of BSS was 36～40 %, which was similar to corn stalk and coconut shells. Hemicelluloses was account for 35～46%. Lignin was only 1～8%.②Fiber was circular with obvious grooves, which illustrated good holding force and spin ability. But the diameter was only 5～15μm, lower than common natural fibers.③In the infrared spectrum, BSS had the general characteristic absorption peaks of cellulose, and was belonged to typical celluloseⅠ. The crystalllinity index of fiber from shells of Phyllostachys pubescens was 0.68, which was higher than other BSS. The crystallinity of BSS fiber was similar with rice straw.④In TG curves, fiber of BSS began to decompose at about 190℃, and the main weight loss temperature was about 310℃, hence processing temperature must be lower than 190℃in application.⑤Fibers in BSS, bamboo and regenerated bamboo fiber were all cellulose fiber. But fibers from BSS had lower crystallinity and thermal stability than the others.4. BSS were difficult to be decomposed for high content of fiber. Thus, they were composted by adding cellulolytic bacteria-based fermentation agent to develop BSS fertilizer. Results showed that it met the NY525-2002 standard. Furthermore, citrus and cotton specific fertilizer were produced. By farmer’s application, the fertilizers had significant effect, and they were applied for patents. Therefore, the waste BSS were re-enter the agricultural production chain, and recycling of resources was formed.5. The effects of adding propionic acid, enzyme and lactic acid bacteria on the preservation quality of bamboo sheet shells were evaluated. After 90 days, propionic acid added at 0.5% and lactic acid bacteria added at 2.5g/t had better fermentation quality, hence they could be good choices to prepare bamboo shoots shells silage for year round use. The crystallinity and thermal stability of fiber from ensilaged BSS were improved, as the crystallinity was increased from 43.23% to 53.06%, and maximum temperature also increased from 320℃to 327℃. But the fiber’s type was not changed.6. According to the future development trend, the advantages, weaknesses and opportunities of bamboo industry in China were analyzed. And a low carbon bamboo industry chain was proposed, from bamboo base construction, products processing, and comprehensive utilization of processing waste and tourism resource development. The chain was aim for realize the economic, social and environmental benefits.