Study On Row Spacing, Sowing Date, Planting Density And Tillage Managements Of Maize High Yield Population In The South Of The Notheast, China

The trials of field structure configuration for high yield population of spring maize are carried out, which explores the cause of yield differences and the methods of structure configuration of high yield population with the configuration factors of wide-narrow row, tillage management, sowing date and planting density as an example of Taian County in Anshan city of the northeast of China. Furthermore, the trials of integration factors are verified in the field. The main conclusions are as follows:1、The sowing date and planting density are one of the important influence factors of the field structural configuration. The interaction effects of sowing date and planting density to yield are complex, which are smaller in low-density conditions and stronger in high density and has a greater impact on yield.2、In the appropriate sowing date conditions, the yield of high density (90000plant-ha-1) and medium density (67500plant·ha-1) has no significant difference, increasing by6.4%and5.4%compared with low density (45000plant·ha-1), respectively. Population of high planting density has lower ability to anti-stress and great fluctuations of yield to environments. The medium density has higher photosynthetic capability with the indexes of LA、Pn、 WUE、 Fm/Fv and SPAD. This study indicates that high-yield population of close planting should be later at sowing date.3、The population yield has significant difference between the wide-narrow row spacing and the equal row spacing configuration. The grain yield, LAI and dry matter accumulation of population with the82.5cm wide row and27.5cm narrow spacing increased by9.54%,3.4-13.0%and6.97%compared to the equal row spacing configuration, respectively. Moreover, with the increasing of the photosynthesis indexes as the examples of LAD, Pn, Tr, SPAD, RD and WUE, the capability of photosynthesis and the appropriate density of high yield population are improved.4、The deep loosening tillage increases soil water storage capacity from60cm to120cm depth ranges, which improves the yield by7.8%and photosynthetic rate and light energy conversion efficiency and water use efficiency of the population compared to the traditional rotary tillage.5、The trials of field structural configuration integration factors showed:The planting density should not exceed67500plants per hectare in the south of Liaoning Province, the planting density of67500plants per hectare and the deep loosening tillages with the next row annually are appropriate in the south of Northeast, which increase grain yield by33.43-38.09%. The appropriate row spacing (82.5cm-27.5cm) increases yield by19.69%than equal row spacing (0.55cm-0.55cm).