| Despite the improvement of China’s rice production mechanization, the level of mechanization of ricecultivation develops slowly, especially, the seeding and planting becomes the weakness of mechanizationtechnology of rice production. However, in the process of large-scale rice cultivation, the technique and serviceof seeding and planting mechanical sets has become the hot topic. Therefore, in large-scale rice plantingsystem in North Cold, on the tendency of the organized, integrated and standardized raising and inserting riceseedlings and the method of systematic analysis&mode optimization, the research focuses on the study ofseedling and planting logistics machinery supporting in large-scale.(1) Description of the agricultural machinery supporting of large-scale rice planting logistics system inNorth Cold. Combined with the mid-and high-end agronomic agricultural technology in scale rice cultivationin the Heilongjiang Reclamation, the study analyzes the trend of raising and inserting rice seedlings in anorganized, intensive, and standardized way. To define large-scale rice cultivation logistics system in Cold andstudy the logistics processes, determine the critical processes and key indicators of a large scale rice cultivationlogistics system in North Cold. Its key processes develop with technology as follows.(2) Study on optimization of large-scale rice seedlings multi-distribution system from factory greenhousesto fields and machinery supporting.①Study on optimizing production logistics of rice seedlings based onmachinery supporting in greenhouse. Based on results from seedling tray layout in large-scale greenhouse,combined with the Heilongjiang Reclamation research seedling tray layout, the paper looks into seedlingcarried out by warehouse storage management. Taking the path of rice seedlings from greenhouse and totalcost as the goal, the target programming model is built, using the genetic algorithm so as to get theoptimization program from the seedling greenhouse about shed routes and modalities of such processes. Withtested numerical examples, the production logistics optimization process is drawn: the seedling shed path fromthe middle sequentially to both sides, from both sides to the middle, all of the seedlings from the seedling trayto the cage, according to the capacity of each vehicle transporting seedlings, seedling stand will equally spacednear the channel. Vehicles will send seedling shed shelf along the middle channel, sequentially transported tothe outside for direct loading. The cost of optimization program saved19%with time reduced by21%. Thissupporting system meets the conditions, which comes to law of shed rice seedlings supporting agriculturalproduction: if the transport capacity of seedling car is fixed, supporting agricultural production and logisticscosts gradually decreases with an increase in running speed and finally tends stability. The relation of logisticscosts is similar to the capacity of supporting machinery.②S tudy on optimization of large-scale rice seedlingsmulti-distribution system from to the first field and machinery supporting. Taking the lowest total cost of theseedling distribution system as the goal, the target programming model is built, with tested numericalexamples, the direct distribution optimization process from factory greenhouses to the first field is drawn:according to transplanting speed, the width of each field, and maximum width of seedling, seed-supplying planand the route of transplanting of one side are designed. The amount shipped within seedling accommodate is atleast two times of the amount of seedlings in cars. Seeding interval in seedling distribution center is the timesof the capacity of transplanters multiply two times of the time that the machines finish seedling. The cost ofoptimization program saves18%,14%decrease in time and40%down in the number of workers. The keyindicators of agricultural support are transport seedlings capacity for all stages, speed and transplanting speed.The conditions for agricultural machinery are summed up. Part of seedling production and distribution related indicators are used as generic values. Seeding rate in field should be greater than or equal to2.65times ofplanting speed, road transport vehicles in different transplanting speeds requires less than transportation time.Based on transplanting speed and transporting time, it requires2-3workers in greenhouse. Seedling at thespeed of0.4m/sec or more is required to supply cars shipping seedlings. Those at the speed of0.8m/sec ormore need seedlings ahead of time.③Study on large-scale rice planting logistics system from rice factorygreenhouses to fields and optimization of agricultural machinery supporting service. Comprehensivelyconsidering the LRP and JIT, aiming at the lowest cost, the fix location dispatching model and punctualsupplying LAPTW model are given. To solve the difficult question “NP”, the heuristic algorithm of the fixlocation dispatching model and punctual supplying is introduced. In the first process, the heuristic algorithm ofminimum wet method and integrated chosen method, the rice field is chosen. During the second process, theroute optimize is taken by the way of heritage heuristic algorithm. In the third stage, the circular fetchingmethod is adopted, that is milk fetching way, which completely considers the evenly circular seeding. Finally,through example tests, after the heuristic algorithm optimization analysis, I concluded that the large-scale riceseedling distribution optimization scheme supported by agricultural machinery makes cost saving28%andtime saving40%. I summarize that circulation distribution operation optimization process from rice factorygreenhouses to many-standard field is similar with direct distribution optimization process from rice factorygreenhouses to fields. The former just adds path optimization from rice factory greenhouses to fields. In thedistribution system of large-scale rice seedlings from factory greenhouses to many-standard field, regularity ofagricultural machinery supporting service is similar with regularity of field seedlings distribution. Thedifference is as follows, that due to the transplanter speed of0.3m/s to0.4m/s, according to the standard sizecalculation, the seedling people number in seedling greenhouse is more1-2people than standard field. Andthey need vehicle to meet the demand of planting. When the transplanter speed is more than0.5m/s, they willneed early seedling, and the seedling people number changes along with the supporting machinery andrequired time.(3) The applied research on agricultural machinery supporting service in Heilongjiang agriculturalreclamation system. It is to define the range of services in agricultural machinery supporting in North Cold, themain characteristics and the drive mode. Analyze the development of agronomic farm machinery, theapplication of agricultural supporting methods and the structure of agricultural machinery service. First of all,according to the regularity of agricultural machinery supporting service in North Cold large-scale riceseedlings distribution system, the applications in choosing machinery and production are provided. Second,find out the main characteristics of agricultural support services and the motivation in the development ofagricultural support services in Heilongjiang reclamation area. North Cold logistics system of center as themain the greenhouse-to-field distribution mode of complete machinery process, centered on agriculturalmachinery service of large-scale rice cultivation farm machinery service is selected. It lays a solid foundationto form a distribution center for seedling from greenhouse to field and to optimize transplanter distributionpositions. |
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