| Canine urolithiasis is the nutrition metabolic disease, and the incidence is about18%of the urinary system diseases, and increasing gradually in recent years. The cause of urolithiasis is complicated, which disease is divided into kidney stones, ureter stone, bladder calculi, urethra calculi according to the distribution position, and the clinical pathology is different because of the size, shape, individual and variety varies. According to crystal and matrix composition, urolithiasis is mainly divided into strurite calculi, calcium oxalate stone, calcium phosphate stones, cystine stones, silica stones, uric acid, and other ammoniumcalculicalculi or purine compound stone. We choose the suit treatment according to the calculi size, shape, with or without obstruction, infection, hydrops, the recurrence trend of calculi, and so on. It has been reported that, the incidence of urolithiasis in North America canine is0.54%, statistically for1.50%by animal hospital of China agricultural university, and the incidence of urolithiasis is0.58%-1.31%in nanjing area. The American Minnesota State calculi analysis center analysis all the stones samples from1981to1997year, founding that the calculi carbonated-apatite accounted for49.6%of the total sample number (38285/77191), and only in1997year is45%(6923/15259). Thus, the study of the clinical highest incidence of canine carbonated-apatite calculi is very important.This study is to reaserach the prevalence situation of clinical canine urolithiasis in nanjing region, and the system research of diagnosis and treatment in carbonated-apatite urolithiasis, developed the herbal medicine additive, and carried the prevention and treatment trial of the canine clinical canine carbonated-apatite urolithiasis, the experimental results proved that, the herbal medicine additive have very good dissolution, soften and row calculi effects of canine carbonated-apatite urolithiasis cases, and also have good effect of preventing recurrence after surgery.Experiment1Investigation of the prevalence situation of canine urolithiasis in Nanjing areaThrough collecting the calculi samples in five representative animal hospital clinical canine urolithiasis of outpatient service186cases (by X-ray, B ultrasonic and laboratory, a primary diagnosis is urolithiasis) from the October2009to August2010in Nanjing, identifing the ion of the ingredients, and determine the type of stone. The results showed that, phosphate magnesium accounted for51.08%(95/186), calcium oxalate accounted for24.19%(45/186), calcium phosphate accounted for3.76%(7/186), uric acid and uric acid salt accounted for10.75%(20/186), cystine accounted for1.08%(2/186), compound calculi accounted for8.06%(15/186), mixed stones accounted for1.08%(2/186). The age structure, breed characteristics, pathogenic sites, seasonal characteristic and nutrition structure of the disease canine have a certain relationship with calculi composition and the happening part.Experiment2Research of diagnosis and treatment of canine struvite urolithiasisWe research the clinical morbidity and therapeutic condition of88cases of canine struvite urolithiasis, which were collected from2009to2010year in canine disease research center hospital of Nanjing police canine institute, and the age of2-6years young canine were in the majority, accounting for about60%of the cases; the statistics of the basic situation of case showed that, struvite stones of small canines had the higher incidence, it was70.45%(62/88); The incidence of bitch was63.64%(56/88), and far higher than male canines, whose incidence was36.36%(32/88). Clinical diagnosis and treatment showed that, according to canine clinical symptoms, X-ray and B ultrasonic examination, we can primary diagnosis and know the parts of the stone; and we can determine the type of calculi through analysising the component of stones samples; through the investigation and analysis of the nutrition structure, we found that, more than80%of the sickness canine intaked excessive entrails and thin essence, leading to increase phosphoric acid root ion, magnesium ions and ammonium ions in the urine, when the ions reach a certain concentration, the insoluble magnesium ammonium phosphate will be saturated and precipitate, then causing stone.Experiment3Safety evaluation of the herbal medicine additive on prevention and treatmentAccording to TCM theory composing prescriptions and combining with the pathogenesis of canine urinary stones, we developed a pure Chinese herbal medicine additive, whose main ingredients including:Sanleng, Ezhu, Galli stomachichum corium, Loosestrife, Astragalus, achyranthis root, walnut kernel and so on. In acute toxicity trial, the maximum oral of herbal medicine additive in mice was56.25g/kg per day, equaling to281times (content was1%for281times) of the amount in working canine (30kg),225times (content was1%for225times) of the amount in pet canine (5kg), and we have not found the side effects and adverse reaction. In subacute toxicity trial, we found that, herbal medicine additive can increase the number of erythrocyte, leukocyte and hemoglobin, and the average daily gain weight was0.3225g, these results showed that, the herbal medicine additive can enhance immunity and promote the growth of animals. The experiment results showed that the Chinese herbal medicine feed additive is safe, reasonable and effective.Experiment4Clinical research of herbal medicine additive on prevention recurrence of stones after canine struvite urolithiasis surgeryTest cases canine were selected from2007to2008year in canine disease research center hospital of Nanjing police canine institute, and through the clinical tests, the stone was diagnosed as bladder calculi of small canine, the calculi component was struvite stone, and carrying the X line and B ultrasonic examination, founding no stone. The selected cases randomly were divided into treatment group and control group,15cases respectively. In treatment group, the male dog was11cases, and the female dog was4cases; in control group, the male dog was10cases, female dog was5cases. After surgery, all urolithiasis canines had the conventional treatment; in experiment group:herbal medicine additive capsule added,1time/d, every time1grain, for90straight days. Through B-ultrasonography testing analysis, before surgery bladder wall thickness was3.82±1.01mm in treatment group, and was3.79±0.96mm in control group, no obvious difference (P>0.05) was found between the two group; after1year treatment, bladder wall thickness was2.95±0.41mm in treatment group, and was3.40±0.52mm in control group, significant difference (P<0.05) was found; after1.5years treatment, bladder wall thickness was2.63±0.56mm in treatment group, and was3.12±0.48mm in control group, significant difference (P<0.05) was found. After30days, obversing the crystal number in each field under microscopic (1-5crystal as no crystal, more than six as crystal), we found that, no crystal was60%(9/15) and1-5crystal was40%(6/15) in treatment group; no crystal was0,1-5crystal was20%(3/15), more than six crystal was80%(12/15) in control group; before and after treatment, efficacy analysis of examination under the microscope had significant difference (P<0.05) between the two groups. Within1year,1.5years, recurrence of the treatment group was0; the recurrence in control group were7.14%and20%; The same period, the recurrence of treatment group was significantly lower than control group (P<0.05). These results can fully confirmed that, herbal medicine additives have significant efficacy on preventing bladder urinary stones.Experiment5Effects of herbal medicine additive on canine struvite urolithiasisTest cases were selected from2008to2009year in canine disease research center hospital of Nanjing police canine institute, all the puppies was the first time to affect struvite urolithiasis, and have not urine closed in small dogs, and the diagnosis was struvite bladder calculi. The selected cases were randomly divided into treatment group of30cases and control group of15cases. In treatment group, the male dog was13cases, the female dog was17cases, and the average diameter of stone was0.71±0.15cm. In control group, the male dog was6cases, the female dog was9cases, and the average diameter of stone was0.65±0.14cm. All experiment canines had the conventional treatment; herbal medicine additive capsule was added in treatment group,1time/d, every time2grain, for30straight days. Through the effect evaluation standard evaluation by X-ray and B ultrasonic curative, after30treatment days, in treatment group,14cases were cured,8cases were markedly improved,6cases were effective and2cases were invalid, the total effective rate was93.33%; in control group,1case was cured,1case was marked effect,3cases were effective,10cases were invalid, the total effective rate was33.33%. After30days, the effective rate of clinical symptoms, signs relief or disappeare was88.89%, the effective rate of gross hematuria was100%, and the effective rate of hematuria was86.21%under mirror; the effective rate of clinical symptoms, signs relief or disappeare was23.08%, the effective rate of gross hematuria was100%, and the effective rate of hematuria was42.86%under mirror. After30days, obversing the crystal number in each field under microscopic, no crystal was46.67%(14/30),1-5crystal was53.33%(16/30) and more than six crystal was0in treatment group; no crystal was0,1-5crystal was33.33%(5/15) and more than six crystal was66.67%(10/15) in control group. Before experiment, each index had no statistically significant (P>0.05) between treatment and control group; after30experiment days, the total effective rate, clinical symptoms, signs and efficacy of microscopic examination had significant difference (P<0.05) between treatment and control group. |
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