Study On Nutritional Characteristics For Spring Maize On Black Soil Zone And Its Efficient Fertilization Technique

In order to solve the main problems including nutrient imbalance, low utilization efficiency and low fertilization benefit on spring maize fertilization at the black soil region, field experiments were conducted to study the nutritional characteristics of spring maize and controlled release nitrogen fertilizer release regulation. At the same time, nitrogen fertilization techniques for split application was discussed, and the new abundant and deficient index of soil nutrient and recommended fertilization technique for spring maize were put forward. The main results were as follows.1.Research on relativity of nutrient absorption characteristic between maize hybrid and Its parent showed that different maize varieties had different nutrients absorption ability from soil and fertilizer. So the fertilizer absorption parameter and fertilizer effect parameters could be used to determine gradations for maize fertilizer absorption ability.Correlation analysis indicated that there were significant linear correlation between fertilizer absorption parameter and fertilizer effect parameter.Using the fertilizer effect parameter for gradations for maize fertilizer absorption ability was proved to be more easy and convenient. The experiment also showed that NPK characteristic of maize hybrid was consistent with NPK characteristic of maize female parent, whereas was not consistent with NPK characteristic of maize male parent. So the maize hybrid fertilizer-liking grade could be determined through its female parent fertilizer-liking grade.2.Research on nitrogen characteristic for different maize varieties showed that chlorophyll content, activity of glutamine synthetase, dry matter accumulation, nitrogen uptake, nitrogen harvest index and nitrogen production efficiency were higher for high efficiency nitrogen maize as compared with low efficiency nitrogen maize. Nitrate reductase activity and glutamine synthetase activity were different between different nitrogen use efficiency maize varieties. At different maize growth stages, Nitrate reductase activity and glutamine synthetase activity were different.3.Research on nutrient release characteristic for controlled release nitrogen fertilizer showed that soil nitrate nitrogen content decreased slowly with the treatment of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer from seedling stage to mature stage, Nutrient release for controlled release nitrogen fertilizer and nitrogen uptake for maize reached the peak simultaneously at the milk stage, and nutrient release curve and absorption curve was almost consistent, which proved that application of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer could satisfy the maize nutrient requirements at the main growth stages.4.Research on nitrogen management modes for spring maize showed that nitrogen fertilizer application for spring maize could increase the maize yield, profit and fertilizer use efficiency.In the view of accumulation of dry matter, yield, agronomic efficiency and utilization rate, the optimum nitrogen application method was to be applied for three times as basal fertilizer and top dressing(1/5N was applied as basal fertilizer,2/5N was applied at jointing stage and the remained2/5N was applied at belling stage).5.Research on abundant and deficient index of soil nutrient and its fertilizer recommendation technique showed that When the soil available nitrogen was within low level,the maximum N input was200kg/ha, and the most economic N input was195kg/ha; when the soil available nitrogen nutrient was within medium level, the maximum N input was170kg/ha, and the most economic N input was141kg/ha; when the soil available nitrogen nutrient was within high level, the maximum N input was117kg/ha, and the most economic N input was106kg/ha.when the soil available phosphorus was within low level,the maximum P input was91kg/ha, and the most economic N input was84kg/ha; when the soil available phosphorus was within medium level,the maximum P input was81kg/ha, and the most economic N input was69kg/ha; when the soil available phosphorus was within high level, the maximum P input was43kg/ha, and the most economic P input was32kg/ha. when the soil available potassium was within low level,the maximum K input was98kg/ha, and the most economic N input was85kg/ha;when the soil available potassium was within medium level,the maximum K input was72kg/ha, and the most economic N input was56kg/ha; when the soil available potassium was within high level,the maximum K input was52kg/ha, and the most economic N input was38kg/ha.