| To study effects of fertilizer on the growth and development of rice in soda saline soil, thisstudies that the soil water potential of0kPa (A: soil moisture), soil water potential of-15kPa(B), soil water potential of-30kPa (C), and CK (flooded and keep water layer), there were fourwater control treatments, the studies on the tillering stage of rice (early, late), thejointing-booting stage, the heading-blooming stage, the filling-milk stage and the dough stage, acomparative of different soil water potential of grain yield, dry matter accumulation,physiological characteristics, photosynthesis rate and the dynamic effects of growth anddevelopment in different soil water potential on soda saline soil, and they were conducted indepth analysis. The results are as follows:1.The early tillering stage of rice soda saline soil water control analysis showed:chlorophyll content from high to low showed A (0kPa)> CK (water layer), B (-15kPa)> C(-30kPa); proline content of the water treatment showed higher than that of CK; after waterstress CK (water layer) tiller number was the highest, A (0kPa) was inferior, C (-30kPa)number was least, the highest tillering period of B (-15kPa) and C (-30kPa) were5-10d laterthan CK (water layer), with the heavier of water stress, leaf area index decreased significantly;water stress is not obvious on the dry matter weight difference, total dry matter weightdifference of rewatering15d later showed A (0kPa)>CK (water layer)> B (-15kPa)> C(-30kPa); A (0kPa), B (-15kPa), C (-30kPa) yields were respectively less than CK7.48%,17.89%and27.63%. Therefore, maintain water layer irrigation on soda saline alkali soil ricetillering stage of growth and development played a positive role.2. The later tillering stage of rice soda saline soil water control results showed: plant heightand tiller number showed CK (water layer)> A (0kPa)> B (-15kPa)> C (-30kPa); the extendedof leaf area was inhibited in the period of water stress, but leaf area was rapid recovery growthafter rewatering; A(0kPa)and CK (water layer) there was no significant difference inchlorophyll content; proline content of each treatment had no significant differences; dry matterproduction showed A (0kPa)> CK (water layer)> C (-30kPa)> B (-15kPa), there wassignificant difference, during the water control, rice growth was inhibited, growth get recoveryafter rewatering, but the biomass is lower than CK; Yield showed the trend of A (0kPa)> CK(water layer)> B (-15kPa)> C (-30kPa), A (0kPa) and CK(water layer) have no significantdifference, analysis that A (0kPa) causes high yield with higher grain number per spike and1000-grain weight. Therefore, A (0kPa) had a little effect on the yield of rice at the latertillering stage. 3.Water stress significantly inhibited the growth of rice on the soda saline soil ricejointing-booting stage, positive correlation effect and the levels of water stress; with the waterstress aggravated, leaf area index and chlorophyll content decreased significantly; the freeproline content increased with soil water stress and increased gradually; leaf relativeconductivity and MDA content showed CK (water layer)<A (0kPa)<B (-15kPa)<C (-30kPa);with the increase of water stress, the contents of soluble sugar of leaf increased at first and thendecreased, B (-15kPa) was the highest; the content of soluble protein showed A (0kPa)> C(-30kPa)> B (-15kPa)> CK (water layer) the trend; the content of peroxidase showed B(-15kPa)> A (0kPa)> C (-30kPa)> CK (water layer); leaf net photosynthetic rate showedobvious the trend of different diurnal change, CK and A (0kPa) showed double peak curve, B(-15kPa) and C (-30kPa) showed a single peak curve, in the whole diurnal change, leaf netphotosynthetic rate showed CK (water layer)> A (0kPa)> B(-15kPa)> C(-30kPa); with thestrengthening of drought degree, the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate decreasedsignificantly; leaf intercellular CO2concentration of CK and A diurnal changes is consistent;rewatering15d later dry matter production of CK was respectively higher than A (0kPa), B(-15kPa) and C (-30kPa)50.42%,17.72%,100.25%;yield showed the trend of CK (water layer)> A (0kPa)> B (-15kPa)> C (-30kPa).4.The results of water stress of rice heading blossom period of soda saline soil showed, thecontent of chlorophyll and soluble sugar content showed A (0kPa)> CK (water layer), B(-15kPa)> C (-30kPa), there was no significant difference between CK(water layer) and A(0kPa), CK(water layer) and B(-15kPa), C(-30kPa) reached significant difference level; thefree proline of the order from high to low were C(-30kPa)> B(-15kPa)> A (0kPa)> CK(waterlayer), A(0kPa) and CK (water layer) have no significant difference, CK (water layer) andB(-15kPa),C(-30kPa) showed significant difference (P <0.01); the difference of solubleprotein among different treatments was not significant; MDA content increased with the stressaggravated, each treatment showed significantly different; leaf net photosynthetic rate andstomatal conductance, transpiration rate showed CK (water layer)> A(0kPa)> B(-15kPa)>C(-30kPa), while the four treatments changed in leaf intercellular CO2concentration on thecontrary, A(0kPa) made the blade to remain a net long-term light and high photosynthetic rate,photosynthetic production was affected little; in the conditions of B(-15kPa) and C(-30kPa),because the leaf blade quality was affected, the net photosynthetic rate of leaves was reducedsignificantly, lead to photosynthetic production reduced eventually, then the economic yieldreduced; Water stress treatments end, dry matter from high to low showed B (-15kPa)> CK(water layer)> A(0kPa)> C(-30kPa), rewatering15d later, the total dry matter weight of CK (water layer) were higher respectively than that of A (0kPa), B (-15kPa) and C (-30kPa)21.89%,20.12%,26.64%;panicle number, grain number per spike,1000-grain weight, seedsetting rate, yield showed the trend of CK (water layer)> A(0kPa)> B(-15kPa)> C(-30kPa),the yield between different treatments reached a significant difference level (P <0.05).Therefore, under the condition of soda saline soil, rice heading blossom period required to keepwater irrigation, so as to ensure the spikelet number and1000-grain weight of the unit area,ensure rice yield in high levels.5. The soil water potential regulation and control was conducted on grain filling-milk stage,yield of rice with different soil water potential was significantly different, and that of A was thehighest, while C was the lowest. Compared with the CK (water layer), B(-15kPa) andC(-30kPa), the yield of A(0kPa) was increased4.67%,20.68%and32.22%, respectively andthe increased1000-grain weight and seed setting percentage would have contributed to itshigher grain yield. The root dry matter production of A was significantly higher than CK (waterlayer) at the stage of milk, moreover at the both milk stage and dough stage, dry matteraccumulation of root and above ground part of A were higher than CK (water layer), B(-15kPa)and C(-30kPa) significantly. With the decreasing of soil water potential, the LRWC and leafarea decreased, while the difference was not reached the significantly level and that differencewould be recovered to CK’ level after restore water. The content of proline and membranepermeability of CK was significantly lower than A(0kPa), B(-15kPa), C(-30kPa). Thechlorophyll content showed a trend of A(0kPa)>CK (water layer)>B(-15kPa)>C(-30kPa). Themoist irrigation at the stage of grain filling-milk of soda alkali-saline land rice could increased1000-grain weight, seed setting percentage, root activity, dry matter production and chlorophyllcontent, so in soda alkali-saline land rice were not continuously flooded irrigation, and suchirrigation method could improve not only rice yield, but also water resource-use efficiency andin order to provide reference for the rice production of the large area and sustainabledevelopment on soda alkali-saline land.6. The soil water control of rice dough stage in the soda saline soil, grain yield showed thetrend of A (0kPa)> CK (water layer), B (-15kPa)> C (-30kPa), A(0kPa) compared with CK(water layer), B(-15kPa) and C(-30kPa) were increased by3.01%,12.40%,18.08%;total drymatter accumulation showed A (0kPa)> CK (water layer), B (-15kPa)> C (-30kPa), A (0kPa)is slightly higher than that of CK, no significant differences, A(0kPa), CK(water layer) andB(-15kPa), C (-30kPa)reached a significant differences level (p<0.01); chlorophyll content ofCK(water layer) had no significant differences between A (0kPa), C(-30kPa), but there wassignificant difference with B（p＜0.05）; the free proline content of leaves the order from high to low showed B(-15kPa)> C(-30kPa)> CK(water layer)> A (0kPa), but among the treatmentshad no significant difference. The soda saline alkali soil rice dough stage field should bemoisturizing state (0kPa), keep the water irrigation (CK) or drought stress (-15kPa and-30kPa)were bad for grain filling-water mature.7. Saving water irrigation methods in soda saline soil: keep the water layer3cm-4cmfrom transplanting to early tillering; keep the soil moist irrigation from late tillering to earlyjointing; keep the water level3cm-4cm from jointing booting to flowering stage; keep the soilmoist state of milking; keep the soil moist gradually dry state dough stage.8. Novelty workstation of the Ministry of Education analyzed the relevant literature by noveltycounseling centers of Northeast Normal University, domestic and international literaturepublished in English and Chinese, in addition to only one literature was published in the paperstask force investigation of novelty projects, there is no same with the following research reports:control water effected on the yield and physiological indicators at different growth stages ofrice cultivation of soda saline soil, formed of soda saline soil water saving irrigation law of rice;the soda saline soil rice milking stage0kPa of soil water potential on root, and maintain water3cm-4cm conditions on leaf net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rateand intercellular CO2concentration. See annex, the effects of different growth stages of sodawater stress in rice yield and physiological indicat ors saline soil technology Novelty andrelated Chinese literature search results list. |
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