Research On The Genetic Relationships And Blast Resistance Of Rice In Heilongjiang Province

Heilongjiang Province is the largest rice-growing area in China. With the enlargement of the cultivated area and single variety used in large area, rice blast in Heilongjiang Province will been happen seriously every few years. In order to detecting the evolution of rice blast fungus physiological races and advantage physiological races from different rice planting zones, and understanding the application value of resistant genes, understanding genetic relationship and characteristics of rice in Heilongjiang,this study is divided into four content.The results of the study are as follows:1. This study separate and identify 288 single spore strains from 2011-2013, which are identified 7 groups and 30 physiological races by identification varieties form China. Advantage bacterium group are ZA, ZD, dominant races are ZD7, ZD1, ZA49, the second dominant races were ZA33, ZB1, ZD5.The magnaporthe grisea form Jiamusi zones is divided 7 groups and 25 physiological races, ZA group is dominant group, ZD5, ZA49, ZA1 are dominant races; The magnaporthe grisea form Hegang zones is divided 7 groups and 20 physiological races, ZD group is dominant group, ZD7,ZD1, ZB1 are dominant races;The magnaporthe grisea form Mudanjiang zones is divided 6 groups and 11 physiological races, ZA group is dominant group, ZA49,ZE1 are dominant races;The magnaporthe grisea form Suihua rice zones is divided 4 groups and 12 physiological races, ZD group was dominant group, ZD1, ZD7, ZA33 are dominant races;ZB group is dominant group, ZB1,ZA1 are dominant races form Haerbin rice zones.The strains virulence frequency to 31 single gene varieties showed 96 strains are high virulent strains; 122 are the second high virulent strain; 58 are moderate virulence strains,12 are weak virulent strains.Pi-12 (t), Pi-9, Pi-3, Pi-20 (t) have a wide resistance spectrum (>70%), which has greater value in Heilongjiang province.2. Genetic diversity and genetic structure are analyzed about japonica rice materials form cold region by SSR.36 rice varieties are analyzed by using a set of 48 SSR molecular markers located on 12 link groups. The results indicate that total 27 of 48 SSR primers performed polymorphism; which accounts for 56% of total primers. The average number of alleles is 2.4. The average genetic diversity index(He) is 0.307,the range is 0.662～0.05. The average polymorphism information content(P/C) is 0.263,the range is 0.588～0.053, the average, shannon’s index is 0.514,the range is 0.127-1.168. Genetic similarity coefficient between the varieties tested between 0.38～1, with an average of 0.77. The genetic similarity coefficient in 0.71～0.86 account for 68.4% of overall; less than 0.71 account for 19%; exceeding 0.86 accounted for 12.5%. The analysis of the genetic structure indicate:36 rice materials are divided into five groups, the He range is 0.7642 (group I and group Ⅳ)～0.9303 (group Ⅲ and group V), the genetic distance range is 0.0719 (groupIII and group Ⅴ)～0.269 (group Ⅰ and group group Ⅳ). Five groups are divided into 3 categories, from the clustering figure, groups Ⅲ and V and Ⅱ are gathered for a group, group III and group V are gathere for a class first, group Ⅰ and IV are respectably. The same unit varieties have close genetic relationship by overall analysis.3. To study the distribution and utilization evaluation of Pi-b and Pi-5 in northeast rice varieties,68 rice accessions, including 52 collected from the three northeastern provinces, i. e., Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning, and 16 introduced from......) and 31 rice varieties with different blast resistance genes are used as experimental materials in this study. By functional markers of Pi-b and Pi-5, the 68 rice materials are screened to find Pi-b and Pi-5 genes and inoculate by the dominant physiological races in Heilongjiang Province. The test results show that positive control BL1 and nine cultivars:Shennong 265,Liaojing 371, Liaojing 9, Liaoxing 1, Zhongliao 9052, Jijing 53, Jijing 94, Kendao 19 and Kennuo 2 contain the Pi-b gene, the positive control Tetep, eight cultivars:Yanjing 68,Jijing 53,Guandong 107,Jiyujing,Jiudao 44,Kongyu 163,Longjing 37,Zhong 156 contain the Pi-5 gene. Jijing 53 contains the two genes.The inoculation identification show that Pi-b and Pi-5 are invalid in Heilongjiang Province. By the inoculation identification of 16 introduced materials and 31 rice varieties with different blast resistance genes, some blast resistance genes also have great value, such as Pi-7(t), Pi-24, Pi-25, Pi-26, Pi-gm. The results have an important meaning in the rice production and rice blast resistance breeding in the northeast of China.4. The plant height and the number of grain per panicle reduce graduling as the accumulated temperature of the rice varieties examined by Heilongjiang Province in 2010-2014.1000-seed weight,brown rice rate,head rice rate,amylose contents,yield have little relationship with the accumulated temperature. The incidence of rice blast is higher in the third and fourth Accumulated Temperature Zones (ATZ) than the first and second zones.The cold resistance in third and fourth ATZ is lower than the first and second zones.The results of compare of rice from different ATZ and years show that:the plant height of varieties form different year have great change in the first and third ATZ than the second and fourth ATZ.The panicle length and number of grain per panicle of rice in different year have fewer change in four zones.The 1000-seed weight, head rice rate in the same year have greater change,but in different year have fewer change.The yield regardless in the same or different year had fewer change.For improving yield,the varieties form the first and third ATZ focus on improving the ear of grain per square meter and percentage of filled grain.The varieties form the second ATZ comprehensive survey the the ear of grain per square meter and percentage of filled grain,number of grain per panicle,1000-seed weight.The varieties from the fourth ATZ focun on improving the ear of grain per square meter and 1000-seed weight.84 varieties are divided into three categories on yield traits, the type I is divided into four small classes. Most of The scented rice, glutinous rice, soft rice from every ATZ range in class①, V. Class ②include Longdao and Shongjing series varieties. Class③include Longjing, Longqing and Dongfu series varieties, class II mainly include four scented rices and part Longjing varieties series.Ⅲ mainly include Shongjing,Longdao,Suidao series varieties.In a word the varieties form the same breeding units easy to cluster in the same class.From average number of yield traits of the three categories, the varieties from class Ⅰ belong to panicle-weight type,the varieties from class II belong middle-type, the varieties from class Ⅲ belong spike-number type.84 material is divided into three categories by quality traits. Ⅰ class includes four glutinous varieties.There is no difference between other quality traits except adhesive strength.Back up three generations, the backbone parents of rice form the first ATZ are Liaojing 5, Hejiang 20, Zhuangnei 32 and Qiuguang. Back up two generations, this is Wuyoudao 1. The backbone parents of rice form the second ATZ were Suijing 4, Suijing 3, Kongyu 131, and Kendao 10. The backbone parents of rice form the third ATZ are Suijing 4, Suijing 3, Kongyu 131.6 rice varieties have been authorized in 2010～2014. Kongyu 131 derives two varieties. Some of backbone parents affirmed in the early years leave off.