Study On Tumor Autoantibody Associated Antigen In Peripheral Blood Of Cervical And Breast Cancer Patients

Objective: Cervical and breast cancer are common malignant tumor in femalepatients, the incidence and mortality are among the highests. There is no effectivemethod for early diagnosis, and most patients were diagnosed at advanced stages byimaging methods, and lost the optimal chance of treatment. Therefore, searching forsensitive, specific and effective diagnostic methods, will be helpful in preventing theoccurrence and development of malignant tumors, and improving cancer cure rates. Inrecent years, methods for early diagnosis of the tumor associated antigen as theautoantibodies have been widely recognized. In this study, we took the optimizingELISA method to detect the levels of tumor autoantibodies associated antigens inpatients with cervical cancer and breast cancer compared with healthy control groupin peripheral blood(PB), analyzing the relationship between the autoantibodies andoccurrence and development of tumor, in order to find a novel mark in early detectionof female malignant tumors.Method: We screened the samples according to the sampling questionnaire, collectedthe PB of cervical cancer patients, breast cancer patients, and healthy female ascontrol group, separated and repackaged the plasma.We selected5kinds of tumorassociated antigens (ABCC3, BIRC5, MYC, CTLA4, CAGE1) and one mixed antigen(BIRC5+MYC), and took the optimized ELISA to detect the levels of tumorautoantibodies associated antigens in cervical, breast cancer patients and healthyfemale. The detection method was based on the classical theory of immunology andELISA detection technology, using goat antigen which has no homology with humanas control, judging the validity of the results by the discrete degree of OD values ofthe repeated holes, also the stability of the results of the quality control of blood (healthy people), reducing the non specific combination of plasma with the antigen,making the results more reliable.Finally, the results were analysised by SPSS18.0software for the ROC analysis and χ2test analysis.By comparing the levels of tumorautoantibodies associated antigens in the PB of cervical cancer patients, breast cancerpatients and control group, as well as the difference of autoantibodies among thepatients with different clinical stage, we analysised the changes and relevance of thetumor associated antigens during the process of tumorigenesis, which could providethe basis for the early diagnosis of cervical and breast cancer.Result:①The levels of ABCC3autoantibody in the PB of cervical and breast cancerpatients were slightly increased compared with the control group (healthy female).The difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). From the detection efficiency,the susceptibility of autoantibody to ABCC3were9.3%and9.2%. The predictivevalues of both the positive and negative of autoantibodies was low, so it is not suitableas a diagnostic indicator for its high rate of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.②Thelevels of BIRC5autoantibody in the PB of cervical and breast cancer patients weresignificantly increased compared with the control group, the difference wasstatistically significant (P<0.05). From the detection efficiency, the susceptibility ofautoantibody to BIRC5were20%and18%, the predictive values of both the positiveand negative of autoantibodies were good, with some diagnostic value.③The levelsof MYC autoantibodies in the PB of cervical and breast cancer patients weremarkedly increased compared with the control group, and its expression levels werepositively correlated with the clinical stage (P<0.05).The susceptibilities ofautoantibody to MYC were8%and9%, both the positive and negative predictivevalues were low,which remains for further improvement.④The levels of mixedantigen (BIRC5+MYC) autoantibodies in the PB of cervical and breast cancerpatients were slightly increased compared with the control group (P>0.05). Thesusceptibilities of autoantibody to mixed antigen were27.8%and16.4%, thepredictive values of both the positive and negative of autoantibodies were better thanBIRC5or MYC individually tested, which provides new ideas and strategies for future research.⑤The level of CTLA4autoantibody in the PB of cervical cancerpatients was significantly increased compared with the control group, and itsexpression level in cervical cancer patients was positively correlated with the clinicalstage, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The level of CTLA4autoantibody in the PB of breast cancer patients was slightly increased compared withthe control group(healthy female),the difference was not statisticallysignificant(P>0.05).The susceptibilities of autoantibody were20.4%and13.7%, thepredictive values of both the positive and negative of autoantibody were better.⑥Thelevel of CAGE1autoandibody in the PB of cervical cancer patients was increasedcompared with the control group, and its expression level was positively correlatedwith the clinical stage, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). TheCAGE1autoantibody level in the PB of breast cancer patients was slightly increasedcompare with the control group, and the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05), but its expression level was positively correlated with the clinical stage. Thesusceptibilities of autoantibody to mixed antigen were9.6%and7.4%, the positiveand negative predictive values were low, which need to be further improved andresolved.Conclusion:①Our study established a tumor associated antigen autoantibodiesdiagnostic system in PB of malignant cancer patients based on a modified ELISAassay, with the classical immunology theory.②Numerous studies have confirmed thatABCC3overexpressed in a variety of malignant tumors, but our results indicated thatABCC3autoantibody levels did not change significantly in the PB of patients withcervical and breast cancer.③The levels of CAGE1and BIRC5autoantibodies in PBof patients with cervical and breast cancer were significantly increased. They wereexpected to be potential tumor markers for their better detection efficiency.④MYCautoantibody level has some relevance with cervical and breast cancer, but itsdetection efficiency needs to be further improved and enhanced for its low sensitivityand specificity.⑤The level of CTLA4autoantibody in Stage II patients of cervicalcancer was higher than in Stage I patients, but in Stage I patients of breast cancer was higher than in Stage II and Stage Ⅲ patients,which needs a further in-depthstudy in future work.⑥The sensitivity and specificity of mixed antigen (BIRC5+MYC) autoantibodies were better than single antigen respectively, which indicatesthat the detection efficiency can be improved with mixed antigen detection.