Studies On The Development History And Methodology Of Biomedical Engineering

The dispute between organicism and reductionism prompt the emergence of general systematic theory. Although there will be lots of difficulties, it is a scientific revolution that promotes the unification of science. In the development of science, compared with the reductionism, a more thorough methodology is much necessary. The systematic theory centers on attentions of both low and high hierarchical things, local changes in the system can result in other local and overall reaction in the system. Concerning the life system, it is indispensable to pay attention to anything in chemical or molecular level, and in high level of organization of life. Biomedical engineering is an engineering discipline to promote the health of life, whether the theoretical development or the research of engineering technology, the change rule of human body system should be studied from the overall and dynamical perspectives, especially for the solutions of local issues and the comprehensive pertinence of the whole of life system. This study focuses on the development of biomedical engineering and methodology from the aspect of systematic theory. Four sections are included as follows:1. The history of biomedical engineeringThe rapid development of the biomedical engineering can trace to the 1950 s, and the "life" and "engineering" are two core elements of biomedical engineering. Here, life consists of the health of the individual life and the justice and equity of group life. Accompanied by the development of medicine, solutions of healthy problems in life system could achieve the health of individual life, promoting the simplification and cost degradation of diagnosis and treatment could keep the health of group life. New inspection of the concept and characteristics of biomedical engineering From the perspective of system theory, and on the basis of the research of biomedical engineering development, the difficulties will be encountered in the process of solutions of special issues and local problems, and many of them were caused by the lack of understanding of new features and functions of the whole system.2. Investigation of system philosophy methodology in evolutionFrom a variety of aspects, people do self-examinations; meanwhile, they try to understand the nature. People are constantly find or create a variety of contact between things, and try to study the nature. In the process of studying the nature, we also try to describe the universe system of material, energy and information exchange, and to explore the change of its elements, structures and functions. In this paper, the investigation of motivation, form, process of this complex system evolution was performed from the point of philosophy and system. The characteristics of the complex system are pluralism, diversity, relevance and integrity, the difference and gap are the motion to develop, while collaboration prompts the development of the system, and self-organizing presents the form of system evolution, level conversion and whole optimization capture the process of the development of science and technology system exactly.3. Analysis of the collaborative optimization and self-organizing behavior of human body tissues and organs.Openness, diversity, hierarchy, relevance, dynamic and integrity fully expressed the characteristics of human body system, the collaborative optimization and the organizational behavior are the typical system behavior. The paper sketches the understanding of the bone structure and function simply, and analyzes the collaborative optimization of bone and its self-organizing behavior, then, puts forwards the premise of biomechanics of bone self-organizing behavior-the open and non equilibrium, and finds that differences in information is the driving force of biomechanics of bone from the organizational behavior. The adaptive principle of bone fully confirmed the collaborative optimization and self-organization behavior of bone.4. Discussion of the methodology of the history of biomedical engineeringBiomedical problems, practical involvement of research process and research methods express the positivity of the development of biomedical engineering. Ecological environment of problems, interdisciplinary interaction and comprehensive considerations of impact factors present integrity principle of the development of biomedical engineering research. The historical accumulation of research foundation, the historical inspection of the research process and the historical incorporation of the research system indicate the historic principle of the biomedical engineering research. The history trajectory of respecting for the life as well as focusing on human body system, and trajectory of reaction between the people and the outside world reveal the applicableness principle of the biomedical engineering research. The shortages of traditional analysis method hide this, while system analysis method makes life system vividly, and system analysis method itself is a method to present the system self-organization evolution.In short, the human body system is a complex giant system, which can produce a lot of new features, structure and function because of the system as a whole existence, these new things are that could not be yielded by a separate part in system or by simple superposition of separate parts in system, and they can only emergence based on the outcome of organic whole system. The biomedical engineering research must be conducted on the conditions that the inspection of the human body life system, structure and function is guided by system theory and the system methodology is applied overall and dynamically.