| ObjectiveThis dissertation is aimed at disclosing the difference in the pharmaceutical results between the Gegen Qinlian Decoction and the Gegen Qinlian Decoction with fermentation while treating diabetes mellitus with the intention of examining the principles of the improved pharmaceutical results after fermenting Gegen Qinlian Decoction and the intention of elaborating the improved pharmaceutical results of the Gegen Qinlian Decoction with fermentation.MethodTen of the SD rats(Sprague Dawley rats) were chosen to feed only the ordinary fodder, and the rest of SD rats were fed the fodder containing too much fat in the coming four weeks. Later, these rats were injected the liquid called STZ with 35 mg per kilograms by adopting the intraperitoneal injection with no food in their bellies. Having divided the rats with Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) into five groups, which were model control group, Positive control medicine group, Gegen Qinlian Decoction group, Gegen Qinlian decoction group made from powder and Gegen Qinlian fermentation broth group, the researchers fed all these rats with high-fat fodder and injected medicine into their stomachs for the consecutive eight weeks, and then observed these rats’ performance and recorded their fasting blood glucose(FBG) and weight of bodies. After having been injected medicine into their stomachs for the last time, these rats in the five groups were forbidden to take any fodder in twelve hours. Later, 5% Chloral Hydrate was injected into these rats’ bellies and these rats’ bellies were opened after being anesthetized.1.With the blood samples collected and the serum obtained, the following figures were measured, which were the Total Cholesterol(TC), Triglyceride(TG), High Density Lipoprotein(HDL-C), Low Density Lipoprotein(LDL-C), Fasting Plasma Insulin(FINS)Level, Insulin Sensitivity Index(ISI), Homeostasis Model of Assessment for Insulin Resistance Index(HOMA-IR).2.The pancreatic tissues were taken out of these rats and got the slices of these tissues. The slices HE were dyed. The histomorphological changes, the expression of the insulin immunohistochemical were observed. With the liver tissues taken out and their slices obtained and HE dyed, the histomorphological changes were observed.3.The activity of Superoxide Dismutase(SOD), the content of Malondialdehyde(MDA), the activity of Catalase(CAT) and Glutathione Peroxidase(GSH-px).4.Having taken the skeletal muscle tissues out of these rats, both p-p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase(p-p38MAPK) and Glucose Transporter 4,(GLUT4) were tested.Results1.Over-all performance and biochemical indicators of the blood serum.(1)Over-all performance: As time went on, after having been injected medicine, the rats in Gegen Qinlian Decoction group, Gegen Qinlian decoction group made from powder and Gegen Qinlian fermentation broth group became more and more energetic and the amount of the volume of their urine became less and less. Their mental state became better and better.(2)Weight of rats bodies: with the medicine given and seven weeks gone, the rats in Gegen Qinlian fermentation broth group were heavier than the rats in model control group)(P<0.05). When it came to the eighth week, the rats in Gegen Qinlian decoction group made from powder and Gegen Qinlian fermentation broth group were dramatically heavier than the rats in model control group(P<0.05, P<0.01).(3)FBG: After having the rats taken medicine and until it coming to the fourth week, the FBG of the rats in Gegen Qinlian Decoction group and Gegen Qinlian decoction group made from powder was much lower than the FBG of the rats in model control group(P<0.05). At the sixth week, the FBG of all the rats taking medicine were apparently lower than the FBG of the rats in the model control group(P<0.05). At the eighth week, the FBG of all the rats taking medicine were apparently lower than the FBG of the rats in the model control group(P<0.01), and the FBG from the Gegen Qinlian Decoction group was lower than the FBG from the Positive control medicine group, which, however, made no statistical sense.(4)Blood lipid series: TC, TG and LDL-C of the rats from the Gegen Qinlian Decoction group, Gegen Qinlian decoction made from powder group, Gegen Qinlian fermentation broth group were obviously lower than model control group(P<0.05, P<0.01). HDL-C of the rats from the Gegen Qinlian decoction made from powder group and Gegen Qinlian fermentation broth group was dramatically higher than it of the rats from model control group(P<0.05, P<0.01). TC of the rats from was much lower than it of the rats from Positive control medicine group, Gegen Qinlian Decoction group and Gegen Qinlian decoction made from powder group(P<0.05, P<0.01). TG of the rats from Gegen Qinlian fermentation broth group was much lower than it of the rats from Gegen Qinlian Decoction group(P<0.05). HDL-C of the rats from Gegen Qinlian fermentation broth group was dramatically higher than it of the rats from Positive control medicine group(P<0.05, P<0.01). LDL-C of the rats from Gegen Qinlian fermentation broth group was much lower than it of the rats from Gegen Qinlian Decoction group and Gegen Qinlian decoction made from powder group(P<0.05, P<0.01), and was close to the Positive control medicine group.(5)FINS、ISI、HOMA-IR: FINS and HOMA-IR of the rats from Gegen Qinlian Decoction group, Gegen Qinlian decoction made from powder group and Gegen Qinlian fermentation broth group were both apparently lower than them of the rats from model control group(P<0.01). ISI of the rats from Gegen Qinlian Decoction group, Gegen Qinlian decoction made from powder group and Gegen Qinlian fermentation broth group was much higher than it of the rats from model control group(P<0.01). FINS of the rats from Gegen Qinlian fermentation broth group was fairly lower than it of the rats from Positive control medicine group, Gegen Qinlian Decoction group and Gegen Qinlian decoction made from powder group(P<0.01). HOMA-IR of the rats from Gegen Qinlian fermentation broth group was dramatically lower than it of the rats from Gegen Qinlian Decoction group(P<0.05). 2.Histomorphological Changes(1)Pancreatic: Compared with what can be seen in the pancreatic of the rats from the model control group, the pancreatic islet of the other groups consisting of the rats taking medicine were more intact and their border was much more clear and the volume of the pancreatic increase, which meant that the atrophy was improved. Pancreatic cells increased and their arrangement and strucuture were good. What’s more, endochylema of the other groups augment and lipoid degeneration of exocrine pancreas was not apparent, compared with the model control group. Particularly, the pancreatic of the rats from Positive control medicine group and Gegen Qinlian fermentation broth group had become much better.(2)Liver: Compared with the livers of the rats from model control group, the livers of the rats from the other groups consisting of rats taking medicine had no changes in their fats cells and structures or ballooning degeneration and their inflammatory cells reduced greatly in number. The hepatic cells, especially the hepatic cells of the rats from Gegen Qinlian Decoction group became smaller than them belonging to the model control group. However, the number and structure of the hepatic cells of the other groups other than the model control group and Gegen Qinlian Decoction group became better and there were regeneration and repaired in the other groups, especially the Gegen Qinlian fermentation broth group. 3.Indicators of oxidative stress(1)Activity of SOD of the rats from Gegen Qinlian Decoction group, Gegen Qinlian decoction made from powder group and Gegen Qinlian fermentation broth group was much stronger than the activity of SOD of the model control group(P<0.01). Activity of SOD of the rats from Gegen Qinlian fermentation broth group was highly stronger than it of the rats from Positive control medicine group, Gegen Qinlian Decoction group and Gegen Qinlian decoction made from powder group(P<0.05, P<0.01).(2)The content of MDA of the rats from Gegen Qinlian Decoction group, Gegen Qinlian decoction made from powder group and Gegen Qinlian fermentation broth group was much lower than it of the rats from model control group(P<0.05, P<0.01). The content of MDA of the rats from Gegen Qinlian decoction made from powder group and Gegen Qinlian fermentation broth group was lower than it of the rats from Positive control medicine group, which, however, made no statistical sense.(3)Activity of CAT of the rats from Gegen Qinlian decoction made from powder group was much stronger than it of the rats from model control group(P<0.05). Compared with the activity of CAT of the rats from model control X group, activity of CAT of the rats from Gegen Qinlian Decoction group and Gegen Qinlian fermentation broth group had the tendency of going up, which, however, made no statistical sense.(4)Compared with the activity of CAT of the rats from model control group, activity of GSH-px of the rats from Gegen Qinlian Decoction group, Gegen Qinlian decoction made from powder group and Gegen Qinlian fermentation broth group had the tendency of going up, which, however, made no statistical sense. 4.Content of protein(1)The expression of GLUT4 protein of the rats from Gegen Qinlian fermentation broth group was dramatically higher than it of the rats from model control group(P<0.05, P<0.01). The functions of intensifying the expression of GLUT4 shown in the rats from Gegen Qinlian fermentation broth group was close to the functions shown by the rats from Positive control medicine group.(2)The expression of p-p38 protein of the rats from Gegen Qinlian decoction made from powder group and Gegen Qinlian fermentation broth group was much stronger than it of the rats from model control group(P<0.05, P<0.01). The expression of p-p38 protein of the rats from Gegen Qinlian fermentation broth group was much stronger than it of the rats from Gegen Qinlian Decoction group(P<0.05).The functions of intensifying the expression of p-p38 shown in the rats from Gegen Qinlian fermentation broth group was more effective than the functions shown by the rats from Positive control medicine group, which, however, made no statistical sense.Conclusion1.Gegen Qinlian fermentation broth can improve the over-all health of the T2 DM rats, such as reducing the speed of losing weight, adjusting the disorder of Glucolipide Metabolism, enhancing the insulin sensitivity and improving IR.2.Gegen Qinlian fermentation broth can protect the pancreas and liver and promote secretion of insulin.3.Gegen Qinlian fermentation broth can improve the oxidative stress of T2 DM, which leads to the result anti-diabetic, protect the functioning of β cells of islets and improve the functioning of IR.4.It is possible for the Gegen Qinlian fermentation broth to adjust the expression of GLUT4 by influencing p38 MAPK, which promotes the absorbing and utilizing of glucose of the surrounding tissues and promotes the insulin sensitivity and improves IR.5.The mechanism of the improvement of Gegen Qinlian fermentation broth is the degradation of big biological molecules, which can promote the absorbing of medicine. Another reason of the improvement is the existence of GTF, which can strengthen its function of improving IR. |
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